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21. TRANSPORT AND COMMUNICATIONThis topic entails :-Definition of transport and communicationIdentifying modes of transport and types of communication. Location of major lines of transport in Africa. Outlining the role of transport and communication in economic development of Africa. Discussing problems facing transpor... | {
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Use it to answerquestion i below: i Name;- The Canals marked N and Q- The lakes marked R and P- The port marked M ii Explain four ways in which the Great lakes and St. Lawrence Seaway has contributedto the economies of U.S.A and Canada c State four ways in which communication has contributed to economic development of ... | {
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11. VEGETATIONThe topic entails:Definition of vegetationDiscussing the factors influencing the distribution of vegetationIdentifying and describing the characteristics of major vegetation regions of Kenya and the worldDiscussing the significance of vegetation and explain their uses within the local environment1. A Name... | {
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The map below shows the location of some vegetation regions of Africa. Use it to answerthe questions that follow:5. A i Name the grassland region marked Lii Describe the characteristics of the natural vegetation found in the shaded area Pb i Explain four ways in which the vegetation found in the area marked Q adapts to... | {
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3. WEATHER AND CLIMATE The topic entails:- i Defining weather and stating its elements ii Explaining conditions necessary for siting a weather station. Iii Use instruments to measure elements of weather iv Analyse and interpret data on weather conditions v Description of the structure and composition of the atmosphere ... | {
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9. A What is an air mass? B Give two climatic characteristics of the Inter-Tropical Convergence Zone ITCZ 10. A Describe two characteristics of a mountain climate b i State two human causes of climate change ii Explain three consequences of climate change c Four classes intend to visit a weather station near your schoo... | {
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12. FORESTRYThe topic entails:-Definition of forest and forestryDiscussing factors influencing the distribution and types of natural forests. Discussing the significance of forests and forest products in KenyaIdentifying and explaining problems facing forestry in KenyaDiscussing ways and means of managing and conservin... | {
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A i What is forestry? Ii Explain three factors that favour the growth of natural forests on the Kenya highlands b Explain five problems hindering the exploitation of tropical hardwood forests c i Explain three measures that the government of Kenya is taking to conserve forestsin the country ii State three factors that ... | {
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18. WILDLIFE AND TOURISMThis topic entails:Definition of wildlife, tourism and ecotourismDistinction between: a Game reserves, National Parks, and Sanctuaries b Domestic tourism and International tourismExplaining factors influencing; a The distribution of wildlife in East Africa. B Tourism in KenyaLocation of national... | {
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22. TRADEThis topic entails :-Identifying and defining types of tradeDiscussing factors influencing tradeIdentifying major exports and imports of KenyaDiscussing significance of trade to KenyaDiscussing problems facing trade in KenyaRole played by selected trading blocks in the economies of their respective regions.1.U... | {
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17. FISHINGThe topic entails:Definition of fishing and fisheries. Explaining the factors influencing fishingAccounting for the location of the major fishing grounds of the world. Describing type sand methods of fishingDiscussing fresh water and marine fisheries in East AfricaAssessing the significance of the fishing in... | {
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19. ENERGYThis topic entails:Definition of energyDiscussion of sources and types of energy. Discussion of the development of electric power projects in Kenya and Uganda. Identifying and locating other power projects in AfricaExplaining the significance of energyExplaining the impact of the energy crisis in the world. D... | {
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7. A Explain the impact of the oil crisis to Kenya b What measures has the Kenyan government carried out to conserve energy8.a What is energy crisis?b State three environmental impact of energy crisis in Kenya9. A Name two sources of thermal electricity b Explain four benefits Kenya would get by striking oil in Isiolo ... | {
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A The diagram below represents an eclipse. Use it to answer the following questions: i Name the type of eclipse ii Identify the parts marked Q and T b State three effects of the rotation of the earth9.a State three reasons why the interior of the earth is known to be very hotb Give two effects of the elliptical shape o... | {
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3. WEATHER AND CLIMATE1. -population pressure leading to clearing of forestclimatic changes global warming destruction of ozone layeraccidental firespoor methods of farming overgrazing2. A i Aridity refers to a state of dryness or deficiency of rainfall in an area whiledesertification refers to the encroachment of dese... | {
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-population pressure leading to clearing of forestclimatic changes global warming destruction of ozone layeraccidental firespoor methods of farming overgrazing2. A i Aridity refers to a state of dryness or deficiency of rainfall in an area whiledesertification refers to the encroachment of desert like conditions intopr... | {
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A i Aridity refers to a state of dryness or deficiency of rainfall in an area whiledesertification refers to the encroachment of desert like conditions intoproductive or arable land ii Weather atmospheric condition of a place over a short period of timeClimate- Average weather condition of a given place over a long per... | {
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A - Zone of low pressure- High temperature- High convectional rainfall- Trade winds converge here- Moves with movement of the sun b i -Variation of solar output- Volcanic eruption- Variations in the earth s orbital characteristics- Variation in atmospheric carbon dioxideiii - Increase in temperature causing rise in sea... | {
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A - Temperature varies between 17C to 24CLower slopes have higher temperatures than upper slopesMean annual range of temperature is between 3C to 5CRainfall is received throughout the yearRainfall is high 1000 -15000 mmRainfall is double maximaRainfall is relief- orographicHigh rain on the wind ward slopesRainfall is c... | {
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A Weather is the daily condition of atmosphere taken in short period usually 24hrswhile climate is the average weather condition taken for a period of 30 35 yrsb - High rainfall no marked dry season 1500mm 2000 mm High temperatures throughout the year 24 27 High humidity throughout the year with relative humidity about... | {
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A i - Warm ocean currents raise temperature of the adjustment land warm currentincrease rainfall- Cold ocean current lower temperature of the regions lower rainfall create drynessii High areas have low temperatures Mt areas receive high rainfallMountain sides facing sun are warmer than sides facing away from sun Aspect... | {
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- In temp. Regime slopes facing the equator are warmer than those facing the polesb i - Increases air pollution from industrial activities. -. Deforestation uncontrolled logging. Ii - Widespread changes in the natural ecosystem with grasslands and deserts areasexpanding as forested areas shrinks. -. Possible rise in te... | {
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11. A i - This is climatic conditions in a restricted area due to small differences of aspectslope, vegetation and human landscapesii It is a condition where the incoming solar radiations pass through the atmospherewhile the outgoing terrestrial radiation is blocked by gases clouds atmospheremaking the earth retain the... | {
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- Trees grow rapidly due to the high temperatures and high rainfall14. A It is large volume of air wind with similar uniform temperature humidity and coversover a large area and flows over along distanceb A- North East polar windsB- South West westerlies S. West windsC - North east trade windsD - South East trade winds... | {
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Lakes, rivers and drying up of streamsReduced animal and plant species due to adaptation difficultiesExtinction of some species of flora and faunaLow production of food due to failing soil fertility and absence of rain too much of rainfallin other areas ii - High rainfall evidenced by many permanent rivers- Cool temper... | {
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A Aridity is dryness insufficient rainfall, while desertification is the expansion encroachment of desert conditionsb - Use off defective instruments - Personnel my have inadequate limited skills - Vagaries of nature such as earth tremous c - painted white to prevent over heating - raised to a height of 121m to prevent... | {
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A - 2-modified tropical climate of the highland- 3-modified equatorial climate of the lake basinb - it receives very low rainfall of less than 250mm annuallythe mean annual temperature are high above 29 clarge diurnal range of temperatureday temperature are highhumidity is lowsand storms are common occurrencethere are ... | {
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Heat loss is greater at highaltitude than at lower altitudeRise in altitude cause fall in temperature and a cooling effect that causes condensation of moisture in the air. This leads to precipitation forming at high altitudeAtmospheric pressure is higher at low altitude and lower at high altitude. This is because the w... | {
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9. INTERNAL LAND-FORMING PROCESSESThis area covers :-Earth MovementsFoldingFaultingVulcanicityEarth QuakesIt entails:Definition of earth movementsExplaining the causes of horizontal and vertical earth movements. Explaining theories of continental drift and plate tectonicsDefining folding, faulting and vulcanicity and e... | {
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7 a. i What is an earthquakeii Give two ways in which earthquakes can be predictedb State two ways in which faulting interferes with transport and communication lines. 8. The diagram below represents a feature resulting form faulting a Name the feature b Name part x and y c Give three negative of an earthquake9. A Diff... | {
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A i Name two fold mountains in Africa apart from Atlas mountains ii Differentiate between symmetrical and asymmetrical folds iii Apart from symmetrical and asymmetrical folds, name other types of folds b i With the aid of well labeled diagrams explain the formation of fold mountains ii Give two-examples of fold mountai... | {
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20. INDUSTRYThis topic entails :-Definition of industry and industrializationExplaining the factors that influence the location and development of industriesDescribing types of industriesAccounting for the distribution of industries in KenyaExplaining the significance of industrialization to KenyaDiscussing the problem... | {
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3. WEATHER AND CLIMATEThe topic entails:-Defining weather and stating its elementsExplaining conditions necessary for siting a weather station. Use instruments to measure elements of weatherAnalyse and interpret data on weather conditionsDescription of the structure and composition of the atmosphereExplain factors infl... | {
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9. A What is an air mass? B Give two climatic characteristics of the Inter-Tropical Convergence Zone ITCZ 10. A Describe two characteristics of a mountain climate b i State two human causes of climate change ii Explain three consequences of climate change c Four classes intend to visit a weather station near your schoo... | {
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21. TRANSPORT AND COMMUNICATION1. A i Demand- Availability of infrastructure- Topography terrain- Capital availability- Political factor- Historical factors- Climateii Difficult terrain This makes it difficult to develop transport and communicationi.e the great rift valley, the rugged scarps inselberg and numerous rock... | {
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Welland canala- Shallow ports e.g. Montreal that could not handle large ships they were dredged anddeepened- Problems of trans- shipment along the seaway causing delay. Seaway has beenwidened to accommodate large ships and these can now sail through the waterway without stoppingc - Reduces deterioration of Nairobi Momb... | {
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The sea way is a tourist attraction which generate income in the region. Employment opportunities have been created in the transport industry thus raising the living standard of the local people. The lakes and the dams are a source of water for both domestic and industrial use. The two countries earn some revenue from ... | {
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MismanagementPoor reception overlapping of telephone line. 4. A - Trade would grow and develop in Kenya- There will be more diplomatic ties with rest of East African states. -. More Kenyans will get employment in other East African countries- Kenya would earn more revenue paid y the users form East African statesb - In... | {
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C - Creation of trans Africa high ways to increase connectivity- Creation of international railways to increase connectivity- Regional economic integration to increase trade hence the need for networks- Establishment of natural networks and transport communication companies to increaselocal transport communicationd i -... | {
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Iii Canal marked R Soo Canaliv Part marked S Dulult. B - Provides easy means of transport for both imports and exports, thus encouraginginternal and external trade. -. It has led to growth of parts and towns along its course. -. Due to accessibility top raw materials, there has been industrial development in the area. ... | {
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Electronicmail has led to reduces use of telephones. -. High costs of installation and maintenance of telephone lines limit the number of thesubscribers. -. Vandalism of the telephone equipment renders most of the telephone servicesunavailable to would be users. -. Mismanagement in the organization that provides teleph... | {
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- Checking of goods is fairly easy.10 . A i - Facilitates faster business transactions due to fast means of transport henceincreasing volume of tradeThrough M- Pesa and M- Kesho it has facilitated money transfer for business hence increasing trade transactions and investmentIt has created employment which improves the ... | {
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17. FISHING1. A i P Norway Q- Japanii - The areas have cool waters which have abundant planktons-main food for fish- The areas have shallow continental shelves which allow light to penetrate for planktonsto grow- Convergence of warm and cool current results in upwelling of ocean waters bringing mineral for fish and pla... | {
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A i R TrawlingS Basket fishing b i Basket fishing- The basket channel shaped to allow easy entry for fish- At the mouth, there is a non-return valve which restricts the outward. The basket isheld in the position with ropes stones sticks downstream- The basket is left in that attracted position for sometime then removed... | {
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The basket isheld in the position with ropes stones sticks downstream- The basket is left in that attracted position for sometime then removed for landing of fish ii Trawling- A bag shaped net is attached to the ship trawler- The nets mouth is kept open by other boards- The upper art if kept a float by corks floats- We... | {
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- There is restriction of the disposal of untreated waste into the sea- Artificial fertilization is carried out in special hatcheries to sustain the supply of fish restocking of over fished waters3. A i It is the rearing of fish in pondsii - The government through the fisheries department has set up fish ponds andhatch... | {
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A i It is the rearing of fish in pondsii - The government through the fisheries department has set up fish ponds andhatcheries as demonstration farmsEstablishment of research institutions to investigate aspects of fish farming breeding diseasesExpansion of markets through intensified campaigns aimed at encouraging more... | {
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HakkadateRugged landscape mountains with infertile soil in some areas which does not favour agriculture hence make people resort to fishingNumerous islands had exposed provided the fishermen access to marine lifeThe area has cool waters which encourage thriving of fish4. A - A vein is a small crack containing minerals ... | {
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- Inadequate capital. Most of the fishermen use traditional methods of fishing which greatly reduces their catch. They lack adequate funds to enable them purchase modern fishing gear and refrigeration equipment. --Introduction of new species. The introduction of new fish species in the lake has affected the breeding of... | {
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7. -. The continental shelf is narrow- Poor transport connection to the fisheries- Local fishermen do not have adequate capital- The coastline is fairly straight- the water is too warm for fish breeding lack of upwelling of water- There is low demand for fish- Fishermen lack modern equipment preservation facilities sto... | {
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A i - Seine nets- Trawler nets- Gill nets- Drift netsii - West N. America- N.E Asiab - Over fishing reduced stocksPollution killing fishingPoor transport network delay reaching market go badPoor market fish imports reduced earningsInadequate capital poor equipment preservation marketingFish diseases death of fishWeeds ... | {
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11. VEGETATION1. A - Pampas of Argentina- Veldt of S. Africa- Downs of Australia- Steppe of Asia- Prairies of N. Americab State three characteristics of temperate grasslands. B - Almost airless except along water courses- Grass is tall and nutritious in most areas- Grass is shorter, tougher less nutritious in drier are... | {
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A i X-rainforestY-bamboo forestZ-heath and moorlandii - it consist of a mixture of tree and grassin wetter areas the grass are tall and close to each otherin drive areas the grass are shorter and tuftedgrass dominate the vegetationtrees are shorter and more scatteredtrees are umbrella shapedacacia trees are a dominant ... | {
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D The frequent outbreak of bush fires destroys the grass retarding its regeneration the increasing human population is encroaching into the grasslands replacing them with settlement and cultivated land pests such as army worms locust destroy the grass and the vegetation degenerations into a semi- desert type wild and d... | {
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-some plants produce seeds which lie dormant for along time and germinates when therain falls-some plants sheds leaves during the onset of the dry season to reduce loss of waterthrough transpiration-trees in the region have long rots to tap water from the water table below-tress in the region are umbrella shaped to pro... | {
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- Some have spines thorns which protect them from browsing animals. -. Some are drought resistant deciduous which enable them shed their leaves duringdry season. 5. A i L is savanna park savanna ii - The vegetation is tropical rainforest equatorial forest- The forest consist of mixed variety of tree species- The trees ... | {
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Its aerial parts reduce the impact of raindrops on the soil. In this way, it protects the soil against erosion- Plant remains decay to become humus. This improves the fertility of the soil- Some plants are of medicinal value to people. Their leaves, barks or roots are extracted and prepared into medicines, both traditi... | {
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A i - It is a plant cover existing naturally in a place but has been interfered with by manii - AltitudeAspectSoilClimate temperature rainfallMan s activitiesb i - Savanna vegetationRainforestBamboo forestsHealth and moorlandii - prairiessteppesdownsveldiii - some have thick fleshy succulent leaves barkssome have long ... | {
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22. TRADE1. A - Bilateral tradeb - Low earnings due export of agricultural products and raw materials which have low valueHeavy expenditure due to importation of manufactured goods which are expensiveUnpredictable production since agriculture she relies on for export depends on climate which is unreliable2. A - Bilater... | {
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- Joining trading blocs such as COMESA, EAC.- Creating Export Processing Zones. EPZ to promote the volume of exports.5.a i Visible exports are tangible goods sent o other countries for sale while invisibleexport are transactions between countries which lead to monetary returnsii -Tourism-Financial services-Transport se... | {
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25. MANAGEMENT AND CONSERVATION OF THE ENVIRONMENT1 i Land pollution Is the contamination of the land through improper disposal of wasteii - Spraying of crops with chemicals contaminates the land by affecting soilcomposition- Careless dumping of domestic waste and industrial waste contaminates land- Burning of vegetati... | {
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- To protect endangered species. -. For sustainable utilization of resources. -. For aesthetic value. -. For future generations posterity. -. To curb global warming. 3. A - Hooting and roaring off engines by motor vehicles- Reverting of machines in rolling mills and welding- Banging of metal containers by Jua kali arti... | {
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A - Earth quakesb i - Nyando- Nzoia- Yala- Kuja Guchaii - the stagnant water becomes breeding ground for vectors that cause water relateddiseases. -. Floods cause loss of property lives- Floods cause soil water logging which lower crop production- Floods wash away crops leading to food shortages famine- Floods wash awa... | {
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Arid and semi-arid regionsSource of foreign exchange through payment of fees at entry points gates to parks reservesCreation of employment opportunities as guides in parks, lodges e.t.c. Protection and conservation of endangered species e.g. rhinos, elephants e.t.c. For future generation prosperityEnhances research pro... | {
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LightningWind stormPests and diseasesPollutionb - DeforestationPoor agricultural activities e.g overgrazing, monoculture, overcroping etcIncrease in population. Bush fireGlobal warmingc - To ensure proper utilization of resources without damage. To sustain human life since it wholly dependent on the resources for survi... | {
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