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Splitting Code in different Files - Python / App Engine Question: I have multiple classes and everything is in a single main.py file which is getting really messy... I'm new to Python however I've taken a couple of courses now and I'm getting quite good but in none of the lessons was a reference on how to do this... ...
How do I get rid of spaces in the 'message' when sending SMS via Kannel Question: I've setup Kannel in Ubuntu using a USB Modem and I can send SMS via the browser using the URL as seen below localhost:13013/cgi-bin/sendsms?username=kannel&password=kannel&to=+254781923855&text='Kid got swag' In pyth...
Using signals concept to do events Question: This is i am doing to send mail once a record is updated in the database.I had defined the receivers in separate file called listeners.py to receive the signals. signals.py import django.dispatch send_email_to = django.dispatch.Signal() listene...
Finding minimum value of word from a lot of files in python? Question: I have 1000 `.txt` files on which I run this code. What I have to do is find the largest value of ENSG in the files and delete other values of ENSG which are less than the largest one. Then I have to find the minimum value from the same text file by...
IF statement error new variable input python Question: The problem here is that I just cant get python to check if Currency1 is in string, and if its not then print that there is an error,but if Currency1 IS in string then move on and ask the user to input Currency2, and then check it again. Answer: You were actually...
GUI's in Python Question: The way I have it right now, I'm working with Easygui, but I don't really like how Easygui looks on my Windows 7 system. I was wondering if there is any way to use the actual Windows GUI's (WinAPI, is it called?) If this is possible, where can I find a tutorial on how to use it? (Ex putting i...
Python - read in a previously 'list' variable from file Question: I previously created a `list` and saved it to a file 'mylist.txt'. However, when I read it in it's a string, meaning I can't access each element as I like. I have been trying and searching for ways to fix this, but to no avail. In the text document, the...
Interact with long running python process Question: I have a long running python process running headless on a raspberrypi (controlling a garden) like so: from time import sleep def run_garden(): while 1: /* do work */ sleep(60) if __name__ == "__main__":...
How do I use mlabwrap to call a matlab function with cell arguments from python? Question: Well, I was proud of myself that I got mlabwrap installed properly, but now I cannot get it to work with matlab cells. In python, lists are analogous to cells, so I figured I would input a list and mlabwrap would convert it to a ...
Setup wizard like script in Python Question: I'm writing a simple _setup wizard_ like script in Python. Basically it prompts the user to enter some values and answer some yes/no questions. Based on the user input the script will then make directories, create and initialize config files, create symlinks, set permissions...
Tkinter problems with GUI when entering while loop Question: I have a simple GUI which run various scripts from another python file, everything works fine until the GUI is running a function which includes a while loop, at which point the GUI seems to crash and become in-active. Does anybody have any ideas as to how th...
os.system for submitting command Question: I am using os.system to submit a command to the system. I.e., import os os.system(my_cmd) But I was wondering how could I obtain the output, i.e., let us say i am in the bash and I type in my cmd, I'd get an output of this form: Job <57...
Remove near-duplicate elements in Python list while preserving variables Question: I have a list that contains near-duplicate elements, with the exception of a number that identifies the element. I want to remove all duplicates while preserving the number of the first element containing a duplicate. For example, I wan...
creat a list from sql query output with the attribute name instead of the index using python Question: I have this code. cursor.execute("select id, name from client") clientids= cursor.fetchall() clientidList = [] for clientid in clientids: #I can do that clientidList.append(c...
Boolean Variable in TKinter 8.5 Question: I did this inside the python shell: from Tkinter import * v = BooleanVar() But I got the following error: Traceback (most recent call last): File "<pyshell#52>", line 1, in <module> v = BooleanVar() File "/usr/lib...
Python advice using delays with tkinter Question: I have created GUI using tkinter, which will run on the RaspberryPi and will perform various actions such as lighting LEDs. The problem I have is toggling an LED on and off using the root.after scheduling as if I use time.sleep(), the GUI will freeze while in this sleep...
subprocess.popen pid change Question: I have a script in which I use subprocess.Popen to start an external program and process.kill() to kill it pretty much as soon as it's started. I've been getting Windows Error [5] (Access Denied) every time the script tries to kill it. I've realized that the pid of the program is a...
Limit count of threads for python script Question: I have a python 2.7 script on a CentOS linux server which had a bug starting new threads until I could not login to the server anymore. Is there a way to tell the python runtime not to create/start/use more than 50 threads (and to throw exceptions instead or kill the ...
Fill in form using Spynner in Python Question: I am trying to fill in my user name and password on this site: <https://www.imleagues.com/Login.aspx> From there, I want to submit it and log in. I have been able to click the login button, but it tells me I have incorrect username and password. How should I go about fill...
Plone 3.1.2 - TypeError in ATDocument.getText() method Question: My task is to unload content from a Plone 3.1.2 website and load information about the content to an SQL database + file system I've recreated the website, got access to ZODB and recreated object and folder structure. I am also able to read properties of...
'lxml.etree._Element' object has no attribute 'write' ??? (PYTHON) Question: from lxml import etree root = etree.Element('root1') element = etree.SubElement(root, 'element1') root.write( 'xmltree.xml' ) Error: AttributeError: 'lxml.etree._Element' object has no attribute 'wr...
Multiprocessing python-server creates too many temp-directories Question: I'm trying to implement a server in python3.3 that has a separate thread preloaded to do all the processing for the incoming connections. from multiprocessing import Process, Pipe, Queue from multiprocessing.reduction import re...
ImportError: No module named opencv.cv Question: I installed opencv on Linux Mint using: sudo apt-get install python-opencv When I attempt to import the opencv module using: from opencv.cv import * I receive the error: from opencv.cv import * ImportError: No ...
Is there a standard solution for Gauss elimination in Python? Question: Is there somewhere in the cosmos of `scipy/numpy/...` a standard method for Gauss-elimination of a matrix? One finds many snippets via google, but I would prefer to use "trusted" modules if possible. Answer: I finally found, that it can be done ...
python twisted man-in-the-middle implementation Question: What I need is a sort of man-in-the-middle implementation: I need a server who receives connections from clients (binary data with different lengths) and forwards the stream to a server it connects to (acting as a client), and then sends the data back from the s...
Get header values of reply using pycurl Question: I would like to know some ways to capture and access the header information of the reply when making a request with PyCurl: c = pycurl.Curl() c.setopt(c.URL,'MY_URL') c.setopt(c.COOKIEFILE,'cookies') c.setopt(c.COOKIE,'cookies') c.setopt(...
Python: how to have mutually exclusive groups in subparser using argparse? Question: I am writing a program like: import argparse def task1(args): print "running task 1" def task2(args): print "running task 2" if __name__=="__main__": parser=argpars...
"Flattening" a list of dictionaries Question: So my aim is to go from: fruitColourMapping = [{'apple': 'red'}, {'banana': 'yellow'}] to finalMap = {'apple': 'red', 'banana': 'yellow'} A way I got is: from itertools import chain fruits = list(chain.from_iter...
How to aggregate data into dictionary (or some other database) in python? Question: I am wondering if the following would be a good method in python to aggregate data that needs to be queried in another function by multiple keys or if I would have better performance using SQLite to read and write data. For example som...
Python 3.3 can't seem to find the decoder module in pocketsphinx library Question: I am getting the error **AttributeError: 'module' object has no attribute 'Decoder'.** I am using the following code. Because there was no setup.py file included I moved the dlls and libraries into their respective folders in the python3...
Python regex find two groups Question: >>> text = '<a data-lecture-id="47"\n data-modal-iframe="https://class.coursera.org/neuralnets-2012-001/lecture/view?lecture_id=47"\n href="https://class.coursera.org/neuralnets-2012-001/lecture/47"\n data-modal=".course-modal-frame"\n rel="lecture-link"\n class="le...
Python: pass function as parameter, with options to be set Question: In Python, I need to call many very similar functions on the **same input arguments** `sampleA` and `sampleB` . The only thing is that some of these functions require an **option** to be set, and some don't. For example: import scipy.st...
How to use beaker without install it? Question: Beaker is not a part of python standard library, and **I want to make my application has no dependencies rather than the python standard library itself**. To accomplish this, I download beaker and extract as a sub-package of my application. Then, I use this: ...
Analysis of images using PIL in Python Question: I found this code: import PIL from PIL import Image from matplotlib import pyplot as plt im = Image.open('./color_gradient.png') w, h = im.size colors = im.getcolors(w*h) def hexencode(rgb): r=rgb[0] g=rgb[1]...
Most efficient way to "nibble" the first line of text from a text document then resave it in python Question: I have a text document that I would like to repeatedly remove the first line of text from every 30 seconds or so. I have already written (or more accurately copied) the code for the python resettable timer obj...
handling telnetlib timeout error in python Question: I am trying to write a python script to establish a telnet connection (using telnetlib) to a range of hosts: for i in range(len(HOST)): print "scanning " + HOST[i] + " ...\n" tn = telnetlib.Telnet(HOST[i],23,3) The problem is when...
How to programmatically measure the elements' sizes in HTML source code using python? Question: I'm doing webpage layout analysis in python. A fundamental task is to programmatically measure the elements' sizes given HTML source codes, so that we could obtain statistical data of content/ad ratio, ad block position, ad ...
python string match time complexity Question: I need help for this question. I think the time complexity is O(n), but my friend insists that this is O(n^2). one of reason is because of `fn = fn[index+1 ::]` #filename: string_expression_matcher.cc #string: stxpm.c #should return ...
How to change value of the variable in one python script from another python script Question: I have to files python1 and python2. Python2.py has code something like this: import sys variable1=value1 variable2=value2 #and some python code from here on The python1 script should take the...
List: Counting and Deleting Question: Given a list, for example List=["X","X","O","O",'O','O'], how would I count how many "X"'s there are in a list, and then subtract that many "O"s from the list. The List will always put all X's first and all O's last. I thought I could do something like... List=["X","...
Inserting data into MySQL database from Python Question: I have 2 tables TBL1 and TBL2. TBL1 has 3 columns date, id, nSql. TBL2 has 3 columns date, custId, userId. I have 17 rows in TBL1 with id 1 to 17 (which will grow later). Each nSql has a SQL query in it. For example nSql for id=1 is: "select date, pId as custId, ...
How to extract data from the file by using regular expression in python? Question: I have a file, in that emailid, phoneno and my dateofbirth is there. In python by using regular expression, how to find the 3 fields one by one? The desired output looks like Emailid: x@gmail.com Phoneno: 1234567890 ...
start python pdb with multiple arguments? Question: I was wondering if there is a way to start pdb with multiple arguments. Currently I know I can do this: python -m pdb script.py and then manually setup break points, with: (Pdb) break (Pdb) break 2 Breakpoint 1 at /home/oz...
Accessing YAML data in Python Question: I have a YAML file that parses into an object, e.g.: {'name': [{'proj_directory': '/directory/'}, {'categories': [{'quick': [{'directory': 'quick'}, {'description': None}, ...
python can't print unpacked floats from network Question: I try to get floats from an UDP datagram and to print them to verify: import socket from struct import * socket = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_DGRAM) socket.bind( ('127.0.0.1', 2416) ) msg = bytearray( 4*1024 ) ...
Python Namedtuple Indexing Instance Question: So Here is my code for my lab coding project that I am currently working on: from collections import namedtuple Restaurant = namedtuple('Restaurant', 'name cuisine phone dish price') # Restaurant attributes: name, kind of food served, phone numbe...
What is a way to convert text to a string in Python 3.3.0 Question: Hi so i'm having a hard time getting Text from my program on Python to convert to a string so i can write it to a file without it just writing numbers in the file. i put this code : from tkinter import * a = Tk() a.title("i ...
Why does HTTP POST request body need to be JSON enconded in Python? Question: I ran into this issue when playing around with an external API. I was sending my body data as a dictionary straight into the request and was getting 400 errors: data = { "someParamRange": { "to": 1000, "f...
Is pickle not compatible with twisted? Question: I have made 2 application: The client extract data from a sql server (10k lines), and send every line pickled to a "collector" server via socket. The server uses twisted (this is mandatory) and receive every line, unpikle it and store the data in another sql server. Eve...
Binning frequency distribution in Python Question: I have data in the two lists _value_ and _freq_ like this: value freq 1 2 2 1 3 3 6 2 7 3 8 3 .... and I want the output to be bin freq 1-3 6 4-6 2 7-9 6 ...
Python matplotlib and libpng Incompatibility issue Question: I'm really suffering from this problem for so long. Originally, after plotting something with matplotlib, I could easily save the image. However, after installing scipy, I couldn't save my image anymore. (I installed matplot and scipy by using pip.) I...
How to make a window that occupies the full screen without maximising? Question: I'm writing in python using Qt I want to create the application window (with decorations) to occupy the full screen size. Currently this is the code I have: avGeom = QtGui.QDesktopWidget().availableGeometry() self.setGe...
python fdb, trying to connect to an external firebird 1.5 super server Question: I'm trying to connect to a Firebird 1.5 database that is located on a server, from my local machine with Python fdb libary. but I'm having no luck. the server is windows 2008 server R1 running Firebird 1.5.6 as a service. It also has a S...
rpy2 module not working in Python3.2 Question: I am trying to import the rpy2 (version2.3.4) library into Python (version3.2.3) on a Ubuntu 12.10 machine. The rpy2 documentation says that rpy2 works under all Python 3 versions and I am also finding other topics related to rpy2 and Python3.2 which show that these versio...
What's wrong with my filter query to figure out if a key is a member of a list(db.key) property? Question: I'm having trouble retrieving a filtered list from google app engine datastore (using python for server side). My data entity is defined as the following class Course_Table(db.Model): course...
PATH environment variable in python Question: I'm using OS X 10.8.3. If you open a terminal, echo $PATH /usr/local/bin is there, also if you run it via sh or bash however the python code output of: import os print os.environ.copy() lacks the /usr/local/bin path Can anyon...
Sorting multidimensional JSON objects in python Question: I have an object as such and want to sort it by time (line first, point second) in each dimension (simplified json): [{ "type":"point" }, { "type":"line", "children": [ { "type":"point" ...
Returning a value from TkInter Slider + making slider horizontal with classes Question: I am having a problem printing the value of a slider bar. I created a button below the slider to do so, but it prints before it is pressed and doesn't print when pressed. I also have the problem of making teh slider horizontal. I k...
Python: Search for and delete nested lists of dictionaries Question: I have a tree of nested lists and dictionaries that I need to recursively go through and remove entire dictionaries that match specific criteria. For instance, I need to remove all dictionaries with the 'type' of 'Folder' that have no children (or an ...
Using Sage Math library within Python Question: I am trying to make a visualization of a graph using Sage. I need to make the visualization exactly as I am writing the Python code. I have downloaded and installed the Sage for Ubuntu and Sage Notebook is working perfectly. But I want to take user input from Tkinter and...
Python: Using pdb with Flask application Question: I'm using Flask 0.9 with Python 2.7.1 within a virtualenv, and starting my app with `foreman start` In other apps I've built when I add the following line to my app: import pdb; pdb.set_trace() then reload the browser window, my terminal window di...
Installing QuantLib python SWIG module on Google app engine Question: I am new to GAE. I wish to use the QuantLib python library (SWIG) as a module inside google app engine. I was following this blog post to set up QuantLib- SWIG on Ubuntu. <http://blog.quantess.net/2012/09/26/quantlib-get-it-working- on-ubuntu/> I ha...
using python logging in multiple modules Question: I have a small python project that has the following structure - Project -- pkg01 -- test01.py -- pkg02 -- test02.py -- logging.conf I plan to use the default logging module to print messages to stdout and a log file. ...
why is the code returning IndexError error in python when the synsets of the word exists Question: I do not understand why I am getting this error. Please help >>> mylist = [] >>> file1 = open("medDict.txt", "r") >>> for line in file1: from nltk.corpus import wordnet print line ...
SQLAlchemy ValueError for slash in password for create_engine() Question: Fairly simple-looking problem: my Python script is attempting to create a SQLAlchemy database connection. The password contains a forward slash: engineString = 'postgresql://wberg:pass/word@localhost/mydatabase' engine = sqlalc...
Python SQLITE3 SELECT query with datetime calculated string not working Question: I have a SQLite3 DB with a table named `TEST_TABLE`, which looks like this: ("ID" TEXT,"DATE_IN" DATE,"WEEK_IN" number); There are 2 entries in the table: 1|2012-03-25|13 2|2013-03-25|13 I'm t...
python list vote(['G', 'G', 'N', 'G', 'C']) Question: vote(['G', 'G', 'N', 'G', 'C']) I want to get this result : `('G', [1, 3, 0, 1])` g_count = 0 n_count = 0 l_count = 0 c_count = 0 for i in range(len(ballots)): if ballots[i] == 'G': g_count += 1 e...
Python - Updating contents of option menu Question: So the problem I am currently having is that I want to update the second option menu, based on what the user selected in the first. I think I have to use a lambda function here to make it so that the frame updates or something, but I am unsure of how exactly to do thi...
Python Tkinter rotate image animation Question: I have a PhotoImage that I created using PIL and then added to a TKinter canvas. The image shows up fine. However, I can't get the PIL rotate function to work correctly. Here is my code: #This works fine image = Image.open('img.png') canvas_image...
is there any way to jump to a specified function name using help() command in python Question: I always use `help(object)` command in python and I would like to know is there any way I can skip most of the text and kinda jump to the function that I want. For example: >>> import boto >>> s3 = boto.con...
Finding text in json with python Question: I've got a json file that I'm importing into Python and trying to look for the occurrence of a phrase. If I try this: any(keyword in s for s in json_data) where keyword is the thing I'm looking for and json_data is what I got from using json.load(). It alw...
How to read a pdb file and perform FFT based docking using python? Question: Suppose I have two PDB files (one of them is as follows) ATOM 1 N MET A 1 66.104 56.583 -35.505 ATOM 2 CA MET A 1 66.953 57.259 -36.531 ATOM 3 C MET A 1 67.370 56.262 -3...
Drawing Stars with turtle in python Question: I need to write a function that draws random stars based upon the question of how many stars the person wants. a=color,b=length and c,d are the starting coordinates. I am not really sure where I am going wrong any tips,hints or help would be appreciated. impo...
How to tell if python instance was compiled as framework? Question: How can one tell if a given instance of Python (on OS X) was compiled with the `--enable-framework` flag? The one thing I tried is not entirely conclusive: % python -c 'import sysconfig, pprint; pprint.pprint(sysconfig.get_config_vars()...
python mock Requests and the response Question: I am a beginner to using mock in python and trying to use <http://www.voidspace.org.uk/python/mock>. Please tell me the basic calls to get me working in below scenario. I am using pythons Requests module. In my views.py, I have a function that makes variety of requests.g...
How to Setup LIBSVM for Python Question: I built [libsvm](http://www.csie.ntu.edu.tw/~cjlin/libsvm/) on Mac OS X with Make. $ tar xzfv libsvm-3.17.tar.gz $ cd libsvm-3.17 $ make This built the various libsvm binaries: $ ls COPYRIGHT heart_scale svm-predict.c s...
Scipy sparse matrices - purpose and usage of different implementations Question: Scipy has [many different types of sparse matrices available](http://docs.scipy.org/doc/scipy/reference/sparse.html). What are the most important differences between these types, and what is the difference in their intended usage? I'm dev...
src/lxml/etree_defs.h:9:31: fatal error: libxml/xmlversion.h: No such file or directory Question: 1. I am running the following comand for installing the packages in that file " `pip install -r requirements.txt --download-cache=~/tmp/pip-cache`". 2. requirement.txt contains pacakages like # Data fo...
Co-dependent default arguments Question: I have code like so: import random def helper(): c = random.choice([False, True]), d = 1 if (c == True) else random.choice([1, 2, 3]) return c, d class Cubic(object): global coefficients_bound def __in...
Python Google App Engine Receiving a string in stead of JSON object Question: I am sending a HTTP POST request from android to a server using the script below URI website = new URI("http://venkygcm.appspot.com"); HttpClient client = new DefaultHttpClient(); ...
Python requests library pre_request hook Question: I'm having an issue with trying to switch from an ancient version of python- requests (0.14) to a newer version (1.1, 1.2 whatever). The problem is that we have a system which posts images on twitter using the following library: <https://github.com/maraujop/requests-oa...
Photo folder string replacement Regular Expressions python Question: I would like to replace text = '2012-02-23 | My Photo Folder' with new_text = '20120223_MyPhotoFolder' I found a regular expression that matches my date format here <http://regexlib.com/RETester.aspx?regexp_id...
Python - plotting large number of lines Question: I am trying to read in a file containing XY endpoints of line segments and a value associated with the segment, then plot the line segments colored by the value given. The problem I am having is that there is potentially hundreds of thousands to millions of line segment...
Python processing for loop for comparison Question: I need to compare 2 tables of similar schema and have 2 generator objects..How do I compare these 2 generators row by row in Python. Need to implement the file comparison logic, If generator-object-1 = generator-object-1: then read-next-row...
Trouble coding an LED selector in Python Question: I have 4 LEDs connected to GPIO outputs of a Raspberry Pi. I want to use the argv command so that I can select the LEDs using a simple binary code. For example: python test.py 1010 This would light up the first and third LEDs in the row. The problem is I don't think ...
removing linebreaks in python? Question: I'm working on a simple python game in which the player attempts to guess letters contained in a word. The problem is, when I print a word, it's printing the \n at the end. From my initial research, I think I need to use r.string() to remove it. However, I'm not sure where it w...
Why do I have to do `sys.stdin = codecs.getreader(sys.stdin.encoding)(sys.stdin)`? Question: I'm writing a python program which upper-cases all input (a replacement for the non-working `tr '[:lowers:]' '[:upper:]'`). The locale is `ru_RU.UTF-8` and I use `PYTHONIOENCODING=UTF-8` to set the STDIN/STDOUT encodings. This ...
Numpy not converting to new version Question: I just installed Numpy 1.7.1 on Ubuntu by downloading the `tar.gz` file from [Sourceforge](http://sourceforge.net/projects/numpy/files/NumPy/1.7.1rc1/). I did `tar zxvf` on the tar file, then `python setup.py build` and `sudo python setup.py install`. But my Numpy is still...
remote db initialization in Flask application Question: I have flask app running on Server-A with mysqlDB. Before using the app we did something like this: $ python -c "from your_app import db; db.create_all()" to initialize the DB. Now we are planning to move DB to a new server, Server-B. So the a...
Opencv 2.4.3 estimateRigidTransform in python Question: This is really a mess for me and I have a hard time trying to solve this. I want to use the method cv2.estimateRigitTransform in Python with numpy arrays but I can't find anywhere an example or something else that explains the format of the src and dst numpy array...
What is causing the variance in the execution time of this python script? Question: I have a simple python script however it displays a much higher execution time when it's run for the first time in a while. If I execute it immediately after it's faster by a few factors. This script is run on a private test server wit...
Django - call original and overriden save method Question: This may be a noobish question but it bothers me quite a lot (I'm quite new to both django and python) In my django app, I overrided the save() method of a model to perform some interaction on the file system. I created a form class like this : ...
Finding first N occurrences of regex in Python Question: So this should be easy but I somehow miss the answer on SO or Python docs. I am using this code: myregex.findall(source) This produces all matches of myregex as a list. Now, the problem is that source is long and I only need first 6 occurrenc...
Converting a matrix created with MATLAB to Numpy array with a similar syntax Question: I'm playing with the code snippets of the course I'm taking which is originally written in MATLAB. I use Python and convert these matrices to Python for the toy examples. For example, for the following MATLAB matrix: s...
Why isn't Python importing this correctly? Question: So, I have two files, HelloWorld.py and EnterExit.py. Here is the code for HelloWorld: import EnterExit print('Hello world!') print('What is your name?') myName = input() print('It is good to meet you, ' + myName + '!') end() ...
Django: How to set foreign key checks to 0 Question: Ok so i'm migrating database from sqlite to mysql , i had few errors but i already resolved them. Now i have problem with this option because i don't know how to disable it. I tried DATABASES = { 'default': { 'ENGINE': 'django.db.back...
matplotlib major display issue with dense data sets Question: I've run into a fairly serious issue with matplotlib and Python. I have a dense periodogram data set and want to plot it. The issue is that when there are more data points than can be plotted on a pixel, the package does not pick the min and max to display. ...
Can this cmp function be better written as a key for sorted()? Question: I was writing a solution to the problem of how to generate the maximum integer by rearranging then concatenating integers from a set. I was given that for the maximum integer, the arrangement of any two of its adjacent integers from the set when e...
Python module and object names clash Question: Please consider the following Python modules excerpts: foo.py: class Foo: (...) bar.py: import foo foo = foo.Foo() The variable foo, which was a module object, is overwritten with a Foo object. I know that I can us...
Reading and writing unique XML tags in Python Question: I want to take a .txt file in XML of this sort: <?xml version = ""?> <data> <a1>cat</a1> <a5>bird</a5> <a4>window</a4> </data> count the length of each string and output: <?xml version = ""?> ...