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ppl_gpt2_med_s15e22_ft_2
float64
1.64
31.7
5726a3d5708984140094ccad
Mexico_City
Mexico City is served by Mexico City International Airport (IATA Airport Code: MEX). This airport is Latin America's second busiest and one of the largests in traffic, with daily flights to United States and Canada, mainland Mexico, Central America and the Caribbean, South America, Europe and Asia. Aeroméxico (Skyteam)...
What is the name of the major airport in Mexico City?
{ "answer_start": [ 25 ], "text": [ "Mexico City International Airport" ] }
Context: Mexico City is served by Mexico City International Airport (IATA Airport Code: MEX). This airport is Latin America's second busiest and one of the largests in traffic, with daily flights to United States and Canada, mainland Mexico, Central America and the Caribbean, South America, Europe and Asia. Aeroméxico ...
29.292234
5726e664dd62a815002e945d
Madonna_(entertainer)
"4 Minutes" was released as the album's lead single and peaked at number three on the Billboard Hot 100. It was Madonna's 37th top-ten hit on the chart—it pushed Madonna past Elvis Presley as the artist with the most top-ten hits. In the UK she retained her record for the most number-one singles for a female artist; "4...
What is the name of the first tour with Live Nation?
{ "answer_start": [ 569 ], "text": [ "Sticky & Sweet Tour" ] }
Context: "4 Minutes" was released as the album's lead single and peaked at number three on the Billboard Hot 100. It was Madonna's 37th top-ten hit on the chart—it pushed Madonna past Elvis Presley as the artist with the most top-ten hits. In the UK she retained her record for the most number-one singles for a female a...
28.600218
56f8935baef23719006261d2
Gene
The concept of a gene continues to be refined as new phenomena are discovered. For example, regulatory regions of a gene can be far removed from its coding regions, and coding regions can be split into several exons. Some viruses store their genome in RNA instead of DNA and some gene products are functional non-coding ...
What is a broad, modern working definition of a gene?
{ "answer_start": [ 385 ], "text": [ "any discrete locus of heritable, genomic sequence which affect an organism's traits by being expressed as a functional product" ] }
Context: The concept of a gene continues to be refined as new phenomena are discovered. For example, regulatory regions of a gene can be far removed from its coding regions, and coding regions can be split into several exons. Some viruses store their genome in RNA instead of DNA and some gene products are functional no...
25.405539
5727f3593acd2414000df0b0
Northwestern_University
In the fall of 2014, among the six undergraduate schools, 40.6% of undergraduate students are enrolled in the Weinberg College of Arts and Sciences, 21.3% in the McCormick School of Engineering and Applied Science, 14.3% in the School of Communication, 11.7% in the Medill School of Journalism, 5.7% in the Bienen School...
In the fall of 2014, which school did 21.3% of undergraduates enroll in?
{ "answer_start": [ 162 ], "text": [ "McCormick School of Engineering and Applied Science" ] }
Context: In the fall of 2014, among the six undergraduate schools, 40.6% of undergraduate students are enrolled in the Weinberg College of Arts and Sciences, 21.3% in the McCormick School of Engineering and Applied Science, 14.3% in the School of Communication, 11.7% in the Medill School of Journalism, 5.7% in the Bien...
17.179129
56e82bec37bdd419002c4484
Dialect
The extent to which the dialects are spoken varies according to a number of factors: In Northern Germany, dialects are less common than in the South. In cities, dialects are less common than on the countryside. In a public environment, dialects are less common than in a familiar environment.
Dialects are more frequently seen in the countryside as compared to what population centers?
{ "answer_start": [ 153 ], "text": [ "cities" ] }
Context: The extent to which the dialects are spoken varies according to a number of factors: In Northern Germany, dialects are less common than in the South. In cities, dialects are less common than on the countryside. In a public environment, dialects are less common than in a familiar environment. Question: Dialects...
27.604942
572794a8708984140094e177
FA_Cup
From 1988 to 1997, the BBC and Sky Sports had coverage of the FA Cup, the BBC had highlights on Match of the Day and usually one match per round while Sky had the same deal. From 1997 to 2001, ITV and Sky shared live coverage with both having two matches per round and BBC continuing with highlights on Match of the Day....
What year did rebecca host the match?
{ "answer_start": [ 1589 ], "text": [ "for the 2010–11 to 2012–13 season" ] }
Context: From 1988 to 1997, the BBC and Sky Sports had coverage of the FA Cup, the BBC had highlights on Match of the Day and usually one match per round while Sky had the same deal. From 1997 to 2001, ITV and Sky shared live coverage with both having two matches per round and BBC continuing with highlights on Match of...
30.567005
5726e93cdd62a815002e94c7
Nigeria
NigeriaSat-2, Nigeria's second satellite, was built as a high-resolution earth satellite by Surrey Space Technology Limited, a United Kingdom-based satellite technology company. It has 2.5-metre resolution panchromatic (very high resolution), 5-metre multispectral (high resolution, NIR red, green and red bands), and 32...
Who manufactured Nigeria's second satellite?
{ "answer_start": [ 92 ], "text": [ "Surrey Space Technology Limited" ] }
Context: NigeriaSat-2, Nigeria's second satellite, was built as a high-resolution earth satellite by Surrey Space Technology Limited, a United Kingdom-based satellite technology company. It has 2.5-metre resolution panchromatic (very high resolution), 5-metre multispectral (high resolution, NIR red, green and red bands...
28.820999
572a211b3f37b31900478718
Philosophy_of_space_and_time
In classical physics, an inertial reference frame is one in which an object that experiences no forces does not accelerate. In general relativity, an inertial frame of reference is one that is following a geodesic of space-time. An object that moves against a geodesic experiences a force. An object in free fall does no...
What follows a geodesic of space-time?
{ "answer_start": [ 147 ], "text": [ "an inertial frame of reference" ] }
Context: In classical physics, an inertial reference frame is one in which an object that experiences no forces does not accelerate. In general relativity, an inertial frame of reference is one that is following a geodesic of space-time. An object that moves against a geodesic experiences a force. An object in free fal...
14.622162
572fb178a23a5019007fc8ae
Greeks
The ethnogenesis of the Greek nation is linked to the development of Pan-Hellenism in the 8th century BC. According to some scholars, the foundational event was the Olympic Games in 776 BC, when the idea of a common Hellenism among the Greek tribes was first translated into a shared cultural experience and Hellenism wa...
What was the foundation for spirituality and church ?
{ "answer_start": [ 360 ], "text": [ "The works of Homer (i.e. Iliad and Odyssey) and Hesiod (i.e. Theogony)" ] }
Context: The ethnogenesis of the Greek nation is linked to the development of Pan-Hellenism in the 8th century BC. According to some scholars, the foundational event was the Olympic Games in 776 BC, when the idea of a common Hellenism among the Greek tribes was first translated into a shared cultural experience and Hel...
19.213417
57294fd36aef051400154ca7
New_Haven,_Connecticut
The American Civil War boosted the local economy with wartime purchases of industrial goods, including that of the New Haven Arms Company, which would later become the Winchester Repeating Arms Company. (Winchester would continue to produce arms in New Haven until 2006, and many of the buildings that were a part of the...
In modern day New Haven who makes up for majority of the demographics in terms of ethnicity?
{ "answer_start": [ 661 ], "text": [ "Italian-American" ] }
Context: The American Civil War boosted the local economy with wartime purchases of industrial goods, including that of the New Haven Arms Company, which would later become the Winchester Repeating Arms Company. (Winchester would continue to produce arms in New Haven until 2006, and many of the buildings that were a pa...
24.974623
5727b2612ca10214002d9424
USB
The original USB 1.0 specification, which was introduced in January 1996, defined data transfer rates of 1.5 Mbit/s "Low Speed" and 12 Mbit/s "Full Speed". Microsoft Windows 95, OSR 2.1 provided OEM support for the devices. The first widely used version of USB was 1.1, which was released in September 1998. The 12 Mbit/...
When was the original USB 1.0 Specification introduced?
{ "answer_start": [ 60 ], "text": [ "January 1996" ] }
Context: The original USB 1.0 specification, which was introduced in January 1996, defined data transfer rates of 1.5 Mbit/s "Low Speed" and 12 Mbit/s "Full Speed". Microsoft Windows 95, OSR 2.1 provided OEM support for the devices. The first widely used version of USB was 1.1, which was released in September 1998. The...
20.810654
5730b4be8ab72b1400f9c6cb
Sumer
The Sumerian language is generally regarded as a language isolate in linguistics because it belongs to no known language family; Akkadian, by contrast, belongs to the Semitic branch of the Afroasiatic languages. There have been many failed attempts to connect Sumerian to other language groups. It is an agglutinative la...
What are morphemes?
{ "answer_start": [ 355 ], "text": [ "\"units of meaning\"" ] }
Context: The Sumerian language is generally regarded as a language isolate in linguistics because it belongs to no known language family; Akkadian, by contrast, belongs to the Semitic branch of the Afroasiatic languages. There have been many failed attempts to connect Sumerian to other language groups. It is an aggluti...
30.464973
56d4ceac2ccc5a1400d83240
Beyoncé
At the 57th Annual Grammy Awards in February 2015, Beyoncé was nominated for six awards, ultimately winning three: Best R&B Performance and Best R&B Song for "Drunk in Love", and Best Surround Sound Album for Beyoncé. She was nominated for Album of the Year but the award was won by Beck for his Morning Phase album. In ...
How many awards was Beyoncé nominated for at the 57th annual Grammys?
{ "answer_start": [ 77 ], "text": [ "six" ] }
Context: At the 57th Annual Grammy Awards in February 2015, Beyoncé was nominated for six awards, ultimately winning three: Best R&B Performance and Best R&B Song for "Drunk in Love", and Best Surround Sound Album for Beyoncé. She was nominated for Album of the Year but the award was won by Beck for his Morning Phase a...
17.927355
572f8f33947a6a140053ca6b
Hyderabad
Qutb Shahi architecture of the 16th and early 17th centuries followed classical Persian architecture featuring domes and colossal arches. The oldest surviving Qutb Shahi structure in Hyderabad is the ruins of Golconda fort built in the 16th century. The Charminar, Mecca Masjid, Charkaman and Qutb Shahi tombs are other ...
The government of India proposed that The Charminar become a UNESCO World Heritage site, what other two monuments were suggested for the same status?
{ "answer_start": [ 738 ], "text": [ "Qutb Shahi tombs and Golconda fort" ] }
Context: Qutb Shahi architecture of the 16th and early 17th centuries followed classical Persian architecture featuring domes and colossal arches. The oldest surviving Qutb Shahi structure in Hyderabad is the ruins of Golconda fort built in the 16th century. The Charminar, Mecca Masjid, Charkaman and Qutb Shahi tombs a...
26.408361
5731752de6313a140071cf58
Indigenous_peoples_of_the_Americas
Native American music in North America is almost entirely monophonic, but there are notable exceptions. Traditional Native American music often centers around drumming. Rattles, clappersticks, and rasps were also popular percussive instruments. Flutes were made of rivercane, cedar, and other woods. The tuning of these ...
What are examples of popular percussive instruments of Native Americans?
{ "answer_start": [ 169 ], "text": [ "Rattles, clappersticks, and rasps" ] }
Context: Native American music in North America is almost entirely monophonic, but there are notable exceptions. Traditional Native American music often centers around drumming. Rattles, clappersticks, and rasps were also popular percussive instruments. Flutes were made of rivercane, cedar, and other woods. The tuning ...
30.980597
57279afddd62a815002ea1d3
Switzerland
Apart from the United Nations headquarters, the Swiss Confederation is host to many UN agencies, like the World Health Organization (WHO), the International Labour Organization (ILO), the International Telecommunication Union (ITU), the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) and about 200 other internati...
What does the ILO stand for?
{ "answer_start": [ 143 ], "text": [ "International Labour Organization" ] }
Context: Apart from the United Nations headquarters, the Swiss Confederation is host to many UN agencies, like the World Health Organization (WHO), the International Labour Organization (ILO), the International Telecommunication Union (ITU), the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) and about 200 other ...
16.448004
56fdfa85761e401900d28c86
Computer
I/O is the means by which a computer exchanges information with the outside world. Devices that provide input or output to the computer are called peripherals. On a typical personal computer, peripherals include input devices like the keyboard and mouse, and output devices such as the display and printer. Hard disk dri...
A mouse is what type of peripheral device?
{ "answer_start": [ 212 ], "text": [ "input" ] }
Context: I/O is the means by which a computer exchanges information with the outside world. Devices that provide input or output to the computer are called peripherals. On a typical personal computer, peripherals include input devices like the keyboard and mouse, and output devices such as the display and printer. Hard...
27.432358
56f8c4f09e9bad19000a0462
Gene
Organisms inherit their genes from their parents. Asexual organisms simply inherit a complete copy of their parent's genome. Sexual organisms have two copies of each chromosome because they inherit one complete set from each parent.:1
How many copies of each chromosome does a sexual organism have?
{ "answer_start": [ 147 ], "text": [ "two copies of each chromosome" ] }
Context: Organisms inherit their genes from their parents. Asexual organisms simply inherit a complete copy of their parent's genome. Sexual organisms have two copies of each chromosome because they inherit one complete set from each parent.:1 Question: How many copies of each chromosome does a sexual organism have? An...
30.623064
5709a209ed30961900e84399
Race_and_ethnicity_in_the_United_States_Census
Race and ethnicity are considered separate and distinct identities, with Hispanic or Latino origin asked as a separate question. Thus, in addition to their race or races, all respondents are categorized by membership in one of two ethnic categories, which are "Hispanic or Latino" and "Not Hispanic or Latino". However, ...
In addition to Hispanic and Latino, what other ethnic category is included in the United States Census?
{ "answer_start": [ 286 ], "text": [ "Not Hispanic or Latino" ] }
Context: Race and ethnicity are considered separate and distinct identities, with Hispanic or Latino origin asked as a separate question. Thus, in addition to their race or races, all respondents are categorized by membership in one of two ethnic categories, which are "Hispanic or Latino" and "Not Hispanic or Latino". ...
21.590292
5705df8d75f01819005e76ca
The_Times
The Times is the first newspaper to have borne that name, lending it to numerous other papers around the world, including The Times of India (founded in 1838), The Straits Times (Singapore) (1845), The New York Times (1851), The Irish Times (1859), Le Temps (France) (1861-1942), the Cape Times (South Africa) (1872), th...
What year did The Times of India start?
{ "answer_start": [ 153 ], "text": [ "1838" ] }
Context: The Times is the first newspaper to have borne that name, lending it to numerous other papers around the world, including The Times of India (founded in 1838), The Straits Times (Singapore) (1845), The New York Times (1851), The Irish Times (1859), Le Temps (France) (1861-1942), the Cape Times (South Africa) (...
16.17119
570e10d20b85d914000d7c9c
Antarctica
Antarctica has no indigenous population and there is no evidence that it was seen by humans until the 19th century. However, belief in the existence of a Terra Australis—a vast continent in the far south of the globe to "balance" the northern lands of Europe, Asia and North Africa—had existed since the times of Ptolemy...
What was Antarctica presumed to be by the ancient thinkers?
{ "answer_start": [ 221 ], "text": [ "balance" ] }
Context: Antarctica has no indigenous population and there is no evidence that it was seen by humans until the 19th century. However, belief in the existence of a Terra Australis—a vast continent in the far south of the globe to "balance" the northern lands of Europe, Asia and North Africa—had existed since the times o...
30.130411
56d24619b329da140004ecc1
Buddhism
Prajñā (Sanskrit) or paññā (Pāli) means wisdom that is based on a realization of dependent origination, The Four Noble Truths and the three marks of existence. Prajñā is the wisdom that is able to extinguish afflictions and bring about bodhi. It is spoken of as the principal means of attaining nirvāṇa, through its reve...
What is listed as the sixth of the six paramitas of the mahayana?
{ "answer_start": [ 0 ], "text": [ "Prajñā" ] }
Context: Prajñā (Sanskrit) or paññā (Pāli) means wisdom that is based on a realization of dependent origination, The Four Noble Truths and the three marks of existence. Prajñā is the wisdom that is able to extinguish afflictions and bring about bodhi. It is spoken of as the principal means of attaining nirvāṇa, through...
20.487936
56e17841cd28a01900c6799a
Boston
Between 1999 and 2006, Bicycling magazine named Boston three times as one of the worst cities in the US for cycling; regardless, it has one of the highest rates of bicycle commuting. In 2008, as a consequence of improvements made to bicycling conditions within the city, the same magazine put Boston on its "Five for the...
What year did Hubway launch?
{ "answer_start": [ 513 ], "text": [ "2011" ] }
Context: Between 1999 and 2006, Bicycling magazine named Boston three times as one of the worst cities in the US for cycling; regardless, it has one of the highest rates of bicycle commuting. In 2008, as a consequence of improvements made to bicycling conditions within the city, the same magazine put Boston on its "Fiv...
24.96574
57102822a58dae1900cd692e
Elizabeth_II
At her Silver Jubilee in 1977, the crowds and celebrations were genuinely enthusiastic, but in the 1980s, public criticism of the royal family increased, as the personal and working lives of Elizabeth's children came under media scrutiny. Elizabeth's popularity sank to a low point in the 1990s. Under pressure from publ...
When was Elizabeth's Silver Jubilee?
{ "answer_start": [ 25 ], "text": [ "1977" ] }
Context: At her Silver Jubilee in 1977, the crowds and celebrations were genuinely enthusiastic, but in the 1980s, public criticism of the royal family increased, as the personal and working lives of Elizabeth's children came under media scrutiny. Elizabeth's popularity sank to a low point in the 1990s. Under pressure ...
30.025032
57266fd6708984140094c5f9
British_Empire
During his voyage, Cook also visited New Zealand, first discovered by Dutch explorer Abel Tasman in 1642, and claimed the North and South islands for the British crown in 1769 and 1770 respectively. Initially, interaction between the indigenous Māori population and Europeans was limited to the trading of goods. Europea...
When did Cook visit New Zealand and claim the North Island?
{ "answer_start": [ 171 ], "text": [ "1769" ] }
Context: During his voyage, Cook also visited New Zealand, first discovered by Dutch explorer Abel Tasman in 1642, and claimed the North and South islands for the British crown in 1769 and 1770 respectively. Initially, interaction between the indigenous Māori population and Europeans was limited to the trading of goods...
29.299637
56e098707aa994140058e606
Russian_Soviet_Federative_Socialist_Republic
The Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic (Russian SFSR or RSFSR; Russian: Российская Советская Федеративная Социалистическая Республика, tr. Rossiyskaya Sovetskaya Federativnaya Sotsialisticheskaya Respublika listen (help·info)) commonly referred to as Soviet Russia or simply as Russia, was a sovereign state i...
How many autonomous republics make up the RSFSR?
{ "answer_start": [ 532 ], "text": [ "sixteen" ] }
Context: The Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic (Russian SFSR or RSFSR; Russian: Российская Советская Федеративная Социалистическая Республика, tr. Rossiyskaya Sovetskaya Federativnaya Sotsialisticheskaya Respublika listen (help·info)) commonly referred to as Soviet Russia or simply as Russia, was a sovereig...
18.963524
57062e7e52bb891400689940
MP3
In November 1997, the website mp3.com was offering thousands of MP3s created by independent artists for free. The small size of MP3 files enabled widespread peer-to-peer file sharing of music ripped from CDs, which would have previously been nearly impossible. The first large peer-to-peer filesharing network, Napster, ...
Which network was the first large peer to peer file sharing network?
{ "answer_start": [ 311 ], "text": [ "Napster" ] }
Context: In November 1997, the website mp3.com was offering thousands of MP3s created by independent artists for free. The small size of MP3 files enabled widespread peer-to-peer file sharing of music ripped from CDs, which would have previously been nearly impossible. The first large peer-to-peer filesharing network, ...
26.300978
56fae1d7f34c681400b0c170
Somalis
The Somali language is a member of the Cushitic branch of the Afro-Asiatic family. Its nearest relatives are the Afar and Saho languages. Somali is the best documented of the Cushitic languages, with academic studies of it dating from before 1900.
Among the Cushitic languages, which is the most well-documented?
{ "answer_start": [ 4 ], "text": [ "Somali" ] }
Context: The Somali language is a member of the Cushitic branch of the Afro-Asiatic family. Its nearest relatives are the Afar and Saho languages. Somali is the best documented of the Cushitic languages, with academic studies of it dating from before 1900. Question: Among the Cushitic languages, which is the most well-...
29.53507
5726c1d1dd62a815002e8fa0
Pesticide
Since before 2000 BC, humans have utilized pesticides to protect their crops. The first known pesticide was elemental sulfur dusting used in ancient Sumer about 4,500 years ago in ancient Mesopotamia. The Rig Veda, which is about 4,000 years old, mentions the use of poisonous plants for pest control. By the 15th centur...
What is the source used to exact nicotine sulfate?
{ "answer_start": [ 474 ], "text": [ "tobacco leaves" ] }
Context: Since before 2000 BC, humans have utilized pesticides to protect their crops. The first known pesticide was elemental sulfur dusting used in ancient Sumer about 4,500 years ago in ancient Mesopotamia. The Rig Veda, which is about 4,000 years old, mentions the use of poisonous plants for pest control. By the 15...
27.047188
570b828bec8fbc190045ba4e
Great_Plains
The Great Plains is the broad expanse of flat land (a plain), much of it covered in prairie, steppe and grassland, that lies west of the Mississippi River tallgrass prairie states and east of the Rocky Mountains in the United States and Canada. This area covers parts, but not all, of the states of Colorado, Kansas, Mon...
what is the region known for?
{ "answer_start": [ 507 ], "text": [ "extensive cattle ranching" ] }
Context: The Great Plains is the broad expanse of flat land (a plain), much of it covered in prairie, steppe and grassland, that lies west of the Mississippi River tallgrass prairie states and east of the Rocky Mountains in the United States and Canada. This area covers parts, but not all, of the states of Colorado, Ka...
25.174234
5726338138643c19005ad2eb
Professional_wrestling
Gradually, the predetermined nature of professional wrestling became an open secret, as prominent figures in the wrestling business (including WWE owner Vince McMahon) began to publicly admit that wrestling was entertainment, not competition. This public reveal has garnered mixed reactions from the wrestling community,...
How do many U.S. states handle wrestling?
{ "answer_start": [ 501 ], "text": [ "many U.S. states still regulate professional wrestling as they do other professional competitive sports" ] }
Context: Gradually, the predetermined nature of professional wrestling became an open secret, as prominent figures in the wrestling business (including WWE owner Vince McMahon) began to publicly admit that wrestling was entertainment, not competition. This public reveal has garnered mixed reactions from the wrestling c...
24.588171
57316d0605b4da19006bd13c
Muammar_Gaddafi
Many teachers at Sabha were Egyptian, and for the first time Gaddafi had access to pan-Arab newspapers and radio broadcasts, most notably the Cairo-based Voice of the Arabs. Growing up, Gaddafi witnessed significant events rock the Arab world, including the 1948 Arab–Israeli War, the Egyptian Revolution of 1952, the Su...
What notable event occurred in 1952?
{ "answer_start": [ 285 ], "text": [ "Egyptian Revolution" ] }
Context: Many teachers at Sabha were Egyptian, and for the first time Gaddafi had access to pan-Arab newspapers and radio broadcasts, most notably the Cairo-based Voice of the Arabs. Growing up, Gaddafi witnessed significant events rock the Arab world, including the 1948 Arab–Israeli War, the Egyptian Revolution of 195...
28.93812
5728484a3acd2414000df877
War_on_Terror
The Obama administration began to reengage in Iraq with a series of airstrikes aimed at ISIS beginning on 10 August 2014. On 9 September 2014 President Obama said that he had the authority he needed to take action to destroy the militant group known as the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant, citing the 2001 Authoriza...
Where were the Sep 21-22 airstrikes?
{ "answer_start": [ 969 ], "text": [ "Syria" ] }
Context: The Obama administration began to reengage in Iraq with a series of airstrikes aimed at ISIS beginning on 10 August 2014. On 9 September 2014 President Obama said that he had the authority he needed to take action to destroy the militant group known as the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant, citing the 2001 ...
23.812748
572fbd86b2c2fd14005683cb
Premier_League
Television money had also become much more important; the Football League received £6.3 million for a two-year agreement in 1986, but when that deal was renewed in 1988, the price rose to £44 million over four years. The 1988 negotiations were the first signs of a breakaway league; ten clubs threatened to leave and for...
In 1988, how many clubs threateded to leave and form another league?
{ "answer_start": [ 283 ], "text": [ "ten clubs threatened to leave and form a \"super league\"" ] }
Context: Television money had also become much more important; the Football League received £6.3 million for a two-year agreement in 1986, but when that deal was renewed in 1988, the price rose to £44 million over four years. The 1988 negotiations were the first signs of a breakaway league; ten clubs threatened to leav...
31.489738
5725b31769ff041400e58e35
Napoleon
Napoléon Bonaparte (/nəˈpoʊliən, -ˈpoʊljən/; French: [napɔleɔ̃ bɔnapaʁt], born Napoleone di Buonaparte; 15 August 1769 – 5 May 1821) was a French military and political leader who rose to prominence during the French Revolution and led several successful campaigns during the Revolutionary Wars. As Napoleon I, he was Em...
What did Napoleon bring civilly to his territories?
{ "answer_start": [ 978 ], "text": [ "liberal reforms" ] }
Context: Napoléon Bonaparte (/nəˈpoʊliən, -ˈpoʊljən/; French: [napɔleɔ̃ bɔnapaʁt], born Napoleone di Buonaparte; 15 August 1769 – 5 May 1821) was a French military and political leader who rose to prominence during the French Revolution and led several successful campaigns during the Revolutionary Wars. As Napoleon I, ...
21.457293
57264abedd62a815002e809a
Brigham_Young_University
Students attending BYU are required to follow an honor code, which mandates behavior in line with LDS teachings such as academic honesty, adherence to dress and grooming standards, and abstinence from extramarital sex and from the consumption of drugs and alcohol. Many students (88 percent of men, 33 percent of women) ...
What is the basis of the behavioral code at BYU?
{ "answer_start": [ 98 ], "text": [ "LDS teachings" ] }
Context: Students attending BYU are required to follow an honor code, which mandates behavior in line with LDS teachings such as academic honesty, adherence to dress and grooming standards, and abstinence from extramarital sex and from the consumption of drugs and alcohol. Many students (88 percent of men, 33 percent o...
30.960739
572e904bdfa6aa1500f8d14b
Richard_Feynman
While pursuing his PhD at Princeton, Feynman married his high school sweetheart, Arline Greenbaum (often misspelled "Arlene"), despite the knowledge that she was seriously ill with tuberculosis—an incurable disease at the time. She died in 1945. In 1946, Feynman wrote a letter to her, expressing his deep love and heart...
What was the name of the film that showed Feynman's life?
{ "answer_start": [ 526 ], "text": [ "Infinity" ] }
Context: While pursuing his PhD at Princeton, Feynman married his high school sweetheart, Arline Greenbaum (often misspelled "Arlene"), despite the knowledge that she was seriously ill with tuberculosis—an incurable disease at the time. She died in 1945. In 1946, Feynman wrote a letter to her, expressing his deep love ...
27.967964
5725b72fec44d21400f3d43d
Bill_%26_Melinda_Gates_Foundation
In November 2014, the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation announced that they are adopting an open access (OA) policy for publications and data, "to enable the unrestricted access and reuse of all peer-reviewed published research funded by the foundation, including any underlying data sets". This move has been widely app...
What did the foundation announce in November 2014
{ "answer_start": [ 0 ], "text": [ "In November 2014, the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation announced that they are adopting an open access (OA) policy for publications and data" ] }
Context: In November 2014, the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation announced that they are adopting an open access (OA) policy for publications and data, "to enable the unrestricted access and reuse of all peer-reviewed published research funded by the foundation, including any underlying data sets". This move has been w...
26.24852
56f985bd9b226e1400dd150a
Zhejiang
During the First Opium War, the British navy defeated Eight Banners forces at Ningbo and Dinghai. Under the terms of the Treaty of Nanking, signed in 1843, Ningbo became one of the five Chinese treaty ports opened to virtually unrestricted foreign trade. Much of Zhejiang came under the control of the Taiping Heavenly K...
When did Wenzhou become Zhejiang's second treaty port?
{ "answer_start": [ 423 ], "text": [ "1876" ] }
Context: During the First Opium War, the British navy defeated Eight Banners forces at Ningbo and Dinghai. Under the terms of the Treaty of Nanking, signed in 1843, Ningbo became one of the five Chinese treaty ports opened to virtually unrestricted foreign trade. Much of Zhejiang came under the control of the Taiping H...
26.713133
572834c53acd2414000df6e8
Gamal_Abdel_Nasser
As the summit closed on 28 September 1970, hours after escorting the last Arab leader to leave, Nasser suffered a heart attack. He was immediately transported to his house, where his physicians tended to him. Nasser died several hours later, around 6:00 p.m. Heikal, Sadat, and Nasser's wife Tahia were at his deathbed. ...
What health events had Nasser suffered in 1966 and 1969?
{ "answer_start": [ 713 ], "text": [ "heart attacks" ] }
Context: As the summit closed on 28 September 1970, hours after escorting the last Arab leader to leave, Nasser suffered a heart attack. He was immediately transported to his house, where his physicians tended to him. Nasser died several hours later, around 6:00 p.m. Heikal, Sadat, and Nasser's wife Tahia were at his d...
27.149282
57101004b654c5140001f799
Capital_punishment_in_the_United_States
Other capital crimes include: the use of a weapon of mass destruction resulting in death, espionage, terrorism, certain violations of the Geneva Conventions that result in the death of one or more persons, and treason at the federal level; aggravated rape in Louisiana, Florida, and Oklahoma; extortionate kidnapping in ...
What is a notable capital crime in Louisiana?
{ "answer_start": [ 240 ], "text": [ "aggravated rape" ] }
Context: Other capital crimes include: the use of a weapon of mass destruction resulting in death, espionage, terrorism, certain violations of the Geneva Conventions that result in the death of one or more persons, and treason at the federal level; aggravated rape in Louisiana, Florida, and Oklahoma; extortionate kidna...
30.733955
572a2e1aaf94a219006aa86c
New_Haven,_Connecticut
New Haven is the birthplace of former president George W. Bush, who was born when his father, former president George H. W. Bush, was living in New Haven while a student at Yale. In addition to being the site of the college educations of both Presidents Bush, as Yale students, New Haven was also the temporary home of f...
Yale University is heavily affiliate with our presidential candidates since what year?
{ "answer_start": [ 827 ], "text": [ "1968" ] }
Context: New Haven is the birthplace of former president George W. Bush, who was born when his father, former president George H. W. Bush, was living in New Haven while a student at Yale. In addition to being the site of the college educations of both Presidents Bush, as Yale students, New Haven was also the temporary ...
18.836922
57336693d058e614000b5a2b
Tajikistan
It was temporarily under the control of the Tibetan empire and Chinese from 650–680 and then under the control of the Umayyads in 710. The Samanid Empire, 819 to 999, restored Persian control of the region and enlarged the cities of Samarkand and Bukhara (both cities are today part of Uzbekistan) which became the cultu...
When was the region under Tibetan empire and the CHinese?
{ "answer_start": [ 76 ], "text": [ "650–680" ] }
Context: It was temporarily under the control of the Tibetan empire and Chinese from 650–680 and then under the control of the Umayyads in 710. The Samanid Empire, 819 to 999, restored Persian control of the region and enlarged the cities of Samarkand and Bukhara (both cities are today part of Uzbekistan) which became ...
29.898891
572616bfec44d21400f3d8a9
Buckingham_Palace
Directly underneath the State Apartments is a suite of slightly less grand rooms known as the semi-state apartments. Opening from the Marble Hall, these rooms are used for less formal entertaining, such as luncheon parties and private audiences. Some of the rooms are named and decorated for particular visitors, such as...
Where are the Queen and Prince Phillip's apartments located?
{ "answer_start": [ 721 ], "text": [ "the north wing" ] }
Context: Directly underneath the State Apartments is a suite of slightly less grand rooms known as the semi-state apartments. Opening from the Marble Hall, these rooms are used for less formal entertaining, such as luncheon parties and private audiences. Some of the rooms are named and decorated for particular visitors...
27.576248
572f98e5b2c2fd1400568230
Pain
The experience of pain has many cultural dimensions. For instance, the way in which one experiences and responds to pain is related to sociocultural characteristics, such as gender, ethnicity, and age. An aging adult may not respond to pain in the way that a younger person would. Their ability to recognize pain may be ...
What might an aging adult not respond to the same way as a younger person would?
{ "answer_start": [ 236 ], "text": [ "pain" ] }
Context: The experience of pain has many cultural dimensions. For instance, the way in which one experiences and responds to pain is related to sociocultural characteristics, such as gender, ethnicity, and age. An aging adult may not respond to pain in the way that a younger person would. Their ability to recognize pai...
22.652506
570fa65280d9841400ab360b
Sexual_orientation
Another study on men and women's patterns of sexual arousal confirmed that men and women have different patterns of arousal, independent of their sexual orientations. The study found that women's genitals become aroused to both human and nonhuman stimuli from movies showing humans of both genders having sex (heterosexu...
What types of stimuli were found to arouse women?
{ "answer_start": [ 223 ], "text": [ "both human and nonhuman stimuli" ] }
Context: Another study on men and women's patterns of sexual arousal confirmed that men and women have different patterns of arousal, independent of their sexual orientations. The study found that women's genitals become aroused to both human and nonhuman stimuli from movies showing humans of both genders having sex (h...
28.722664
570c4f18fed7b91900d45892
FC_Barcelona
The 1960s were less successful for the club, with Real Madrid monopolising La Liga. The completion of the Camp Nou, finished in 1957, meant the club had little money to spend on new players. The 1960s saw the emergence of Josep Maria Fusté and Carles Rexach, and the club won the Copa del Generalísimo in 1963 and the Fa...
Due to the emergence of Fuste and Rexach, what competition did Barcelona win in 1963?
{ "answer_start": [ 280 ], "text": [ "Copa del Generalísimo" ] }
Context: The 1960s were less successful for the club, with Real Madrid monopolising La Liga. The completion of the Camp Nou, finished in 1957, meant the club had little money to spend on new players. The 1960s saw the emergence of Josep Maria Fusté and Carles Rexach, and the club won the Copa del Generalísimo in 1963 a...
28.357447
5730426f04bcaa1900d77430
Roman_Republic
The assembly of the tribes (i.e. the citizens of Rome), the Comitia Tributa, was presided over by a consul, and was composed of 35 tribes. The tribes were not ethnic or kinship groups, but rather geographical subdivisions. The order that the thirty-five tribes would vote in was selected randomly by lot. Once a measure ...
When would the assembly of tribes cease voting?
{ "answer_start": [ 305 ], "text": [ "Once a measure received support from a majority of the tribes" ] }
Context: The assembly of the tribes (i.e. the citizens of Rome), the Comitia Tributa, was presided over by a consul, and was composed of 35 tribes. The tribes were not ethnic or kinship groups, but rather geographical subdivisions. The order that the thirty-five tribes would vote in was selected randomly by lot. Once a...
30.69766
56d10c8c17492d1400aab811
New_York_City
New York City's food culture includes a variety of international cuisines influenced by the city's immigrant history. Central European and Italian immigrants originally made the city famous for bagels, cheesecake, and New York-style pizza, while Chinese and other Asian restaurants, sandwich joints, trattorias, diners, ...
How many restaurants is New York home to?
{ "answer_start": [ 776 ], "text": [ "24,000" ] }
Context: New York City's food culture includes a variety of international cuisines influenced by the city's immigrant history. Central European and Italian immigrants originally made the city famous for bagels, cheesecake, and New York-style pizza, while Chinese and other Asian restaurants, sandwich joints, trattorias,...
31.466818
572b713d34ae481900deae17
Education
Education is the process of facilitating learning, or the acquisition of knowledge, skills, values, beliefs, and habits. Educational methods include storytelling, discussion, teaching, training, and directed research. Education frequently takes place under the guidance of educators, but learners may also educate themse...
Where does education usually take place under?
{ "answer_start": [ 257 ], "text": [ "the guidance of educators" ] }
Context: Education is the process of facilitating learning, or the acquisition of knowledge, skills, values, beliefs, and habits. Educational methods include storytelling, discussion, teaching, training, and directed research. Education frequently takes place under the guidance of educators, but learners may also educa...
30.741314
572f6b6104bcaa1900d7690e
Hyderabad
Archaeologists excavating near the city have unearthed Iron Age sites that may date from 500 BCE. The region comprising modern Hyderabad and its surroundings was known as Golkonda (Golla Konda-"shepherd's hill"), and was ruled by the Chalukya dynasty from 624 CE to 1075 CE. Following the dissolution of the Chalukya emp...
What was the Hyderabad region known as under the Chalukya dynasty?
{ "answer_start": [ 171 ], "text": [ "Golkonda (Golla Konda-\"shepherd's hill\")" ] }
Context: Archaeologists excavating near the city have unearthed Iron Age sites that may date from 500 BCE. The region comprising modern Hyderabad and its surroundings was known as Golkonda (Golla Konda-"shepherd's hill"), and was ruled by the Chalukya dynasty from 624 CE to 1075 CE. Following the dissolution of the Cha...
25.148306
5726376e89a1e219009ac582
Queen_Victoria
Victoria visited mainland Europe regularly for holidays. In 1889, during a stay in Biarritz, she became the first reigning monarch from Britain to set foot in Spain when she crossed the border for a brief visit. By April 1900, the Boer War was so unpopular in mainland Europe that her annual trip to France seemed inadvi...
What tragedy did Victoria face in July of 1900?
{ "answer_start": [ 487 ], "text": [ "her second son Alfred (\"Affie\") died" ] }
Context: Victoria visited mainland Europe regularly for holidays. In 1889, during a stay in Biarritz, she became the first reigning monarch from Britain to set foot in Spain when she crossed the border for a brief visit. By April 1900, the Boer War was so unpopular in mainland Europe that her annual trip to France seem...
29.801882
573228afe99e3014001e656c
Party_leaders_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives
In the instance when the Presidency and both Houses of Congress are controlled by one party, the Speaker normally assumes a lower profile and defers to the President. For that situation the House Minority Leader can play the role of a de facto "leader of the opposition", often more so than the Senate Minority Leader, d...
What minority leaders have played prominenct roles to opposing incumbent president?
{ "answer_start": [ 499 ], "text": [ "Gerald Ford, Richard Gephardt, Nancy Pelosi, and John Boehner" ] }
Context: In the instance when the Presidency and both Houses of Congress are controlled by one party, the Speaker normally assumes a lower profile and defers to the President. For that situation the House Minority Leader can play the role of a de facto "leader of the opposition", often more so than the Senate Minority ...
31.188826
570a9a214103511400d59868
Houston
According to the 2010 Census, whites made up 51% of Houston's population; 26% of the total population were non-Hispanic whites. Blacks or African Americans made up 25% of Houston's population. American Indians made up 0.7% of the population. Asians made up 6% (1.7% Vietnamese, 1.3% Chinese, 1.3% Indian, 0.9% Pakistani,...
What group makes up 6 % of Houston's population?
{ "answer_start": [ 242 ], "text": [ "Asians" ] }
Context: According to the 2010 Census, whites made up 51% of Houston's population; 26% of the total population were non-Hispanic whites. Blacks or African Americans made up 25% of Houston's population. American Indians made up 0.7% of the population. Asians made up 6% (1.7% Vietnamese, 1.3% Chinese, 1.3% Indian, 0.9% P...
8.074276
573423bed058e614000b69d2
Infection
Another principal tool in the diagnosis of infectious disease is microscopy. Virtually all of the culture techniques discussed above rely, at some point, on microscopic examination for definitive identification of the infectious agent. Microscopy may be carried out with simple instruments, such as the compound light mi...
What can samples obtained from patients viewed directly under?
{ "answer_start": [ 452 ], "text": [ "light microscope" ] }
Context: Another principal tool in the diagnosis of infectious disease is microscopy. Virtually all of the culture techniques discussed above rely, at some point, on microscopic examination for definitive identification of the infectious agent. Microscopy may be carried out with simple instruments, such as the compound...
27.533985
56bf940da10cfb140055118a
Beyoncé
Beyoncé's second solo album B'Day was released on September 5, 2006, in the US, to coincide with her twenty-fifth birthday. It sold 541,000 copies in its first week and debuted atop the Billboard 200, becoming Beyoncé's second consecutive number-one album in the United States. The album's lead single "Déjà Vu", featuri...
What artist did Beyonce duet with in the single, "Deja Vu''?
{ "answer_start": [ 323 ], "text": [ "Jay Z" ] }
Context: Beyoncé's second solo album B'Day was released on September 5, 2006, in the US, to coincide with her twenty-fifth birthday. It sold 541,000 copies in its first week and debuted atop the Billboard 200, becoming Beyoncé's second consecutive number-one album in the United States. The album's lead single "Déjà Vu"...
12.931247
5726c9c25951b619008f7e22
Korean_War
On 27 June 1950, two days after the KPA invaded and three months before the Chinese entered the war, President Truman dispatched the United States Seventh Fleet to the Taiwan Strait, to prevent hostilities between the Nationalist Republic of China (Taiwan) and the People's Republic of China (PRC). On 4 August 1950, wit...
Where did Mao Zedong declare that he would intervene in the Korean conflict?
{ "answer_start": [ 381 ], "text": [ "the Politburo" ] }
Context: On 27 June 1950, two days after the KPA invaded and three months before the Chinese entered the war, President Truman dispatched the United States Seventh Fleet to the Taiwan Strait, to prevent hostilities between the Nationalist Republic of China (Taiwan) and the People's Republic of China (PRC). On 4 August ...
21.373104
572fd7db947a6a140053cd46
Premier_League
An exception to the usual European qualification system happened in 2005, after Liverpool won the Champions League the year before, but did not finish in a Champions League qualification place in the Premier League that season. UEFA gave special dispensation for Liverpool to enter the Champions League, giving England f...
How many qualifiers did England have for the Champions League in 2005?
{ "answer_start": [ 228 ], "text": [ "UEFA gave special dispensation for Liverpool to enter the Champions League, giving England five qualifiers." ] }
Context: An exception to the usual European qualification system happened in 2005, after Liverpool won the Champions League the year before, but did not finish in a Champions League qualification place in the Premier League that season. UEFA gave special dispensation for Liverpool to enter the Champions League, giving ...
16.890244
56bea5f23aeaaa14008c91a2
Beyoncé
Beyoncé is believed to have first started a relationship with Jay Z after a collaboration on "'03 Bonnie & Clyde", which appeared on his seventh album The Blueprint 2: The Gift & The Curse (2002). Beyoncé appeared as Jay Z's girlfriend in the music video for the song, which would further fuel speculation of their relat...
Where did Beyonce become pregnant?
{ "answer_start": [ 825 ], "text": [ "Paris" ] }
Context: Beyoncé is believed to have first started a relationship with Jay Z after a collaboration on "'03 Bonnie & Clyde", which appeared on his seventh album The Blueprint 2: The Gift & The Curse (2002). Beyoncé appeared as Jay Z's girlfriend in the music video for the song, which would further fuel speculation of th...
18.192701
572815a13acd2414000df41c
Dissolution_of_the_Soviet_Union
On April 7, 1989, Soviet troops and armored personnel carriers were sent to Tbilisi after more than 100,000 people protested in front of Communist Party headquarters with banners calling for Georgia to secede from the Soviet Union and for Abkhazia to be fully integrated into Georgia. On April 9, 1989, troops attacked t...
How many people died in the April 9 attack?
{ "answer_start": [ 343 ], "text": [ "20" ] }
Context: On April 7, 1989, Soviet troops and armored personnel carriers were sent to Tbilisi after more than 100,000 people protested in front of Communist Party headquarters with banners calling for Georgia to secede from the Soviet Union and for Abkhazia to be fully integrated into Georgia. On April 9, 1989, troops a...
30.189943
570b2dd76b8089140040f7d4
Gregorian_calendar
"Old Style" (OS) and "New Style" (NS) are sometimes added to dates to identify which system is used in the British Empire and other countries that did not immediately change. Because the Calendar Act of 1750 altered the start of the year, and also aligned the British calendar with the Gregorian calendar, there is some ...
What designation was added to British dates to differentiate them from countries not using the new calendar?
{ "answer_start": [ 0 ], "text": [ "\"Old Style\" (OS) and \"New Style\"" ] }
Context: "Old Style" (OS) and "New Style" (NS) are sometimes added to dates to identify which system is used in the British Empire and other countries that did not immediately change. Because the Calendar Act of 1750 altered the start of the year, and also aligned the British calendar with the Gregorian calendar, there...
25.876949
56cf5bfcaab44d1400b89113
Frédéric_Chopin
Fryderyk's father, Nicolas Chopin, was a Frenchman from Lorraine who had emigrated to Poland in 1787 at the age of sixteen. Nicolas tutored children of the Polish aristocracy, and in 1806 married Justyna Krzyżanowska, a poor relative of the Skarbeks, one of the families for whom he worked. Fryderyk was baptized on East...
Chopin's father married who?
{ "answer_start": [ 196 ], "text": [ "Justyna Krzyżanowska" ] }
Context: Fryderyk's father, Nicolas Chopin, was a Frenchman from Lorraine who had emigrated to Poland in 1787 at the age of sixteen. Nicolas tutored children of the Polish aristocracy, and in 1806 married Justyna Krzyżanowska, a poor relative of the Skarbeks, one of the families for whom he worked. Fryderyk was baptize...
22.630739
57276f39f1498d1400e8f80a
New_Haven,_Connecticut
The city is drained by three rivers; the West, Mill, and Quinnipiac, named in order from west to east. The West River discharges into West Haven Harbor, while the Mill and Quinnipiac rivers discharge into New Haven Harbor. Both harbors are embayments of Long Island Sound. In addition, several smaller streams flow throu...
Into what local body of water do the Mill and Quinnipiac rivers discharge?
{ "answer_start": [ 205 ], "text": [ "New Haven Harbor" ] }
Context: The city is drained by three rivers; the West, Mill, and Quinnipiac, named in order from west to east. The West River discharges into West Haven Harbor, while the Mill and Quinnipiac rivers discharge into New Haven Harbor. Both harbors are embayments of Long Island Sound. In addition, several smaller streams f...
31.35862
5728402c4b864d19001647f9
Federalism
The structures of most federal governments incorporate mechanisms to protect the rights of component states. One method, known as 'intrastate federalism', is to directly represent the governments of component states in federal political institutions. Where a federation has a bicameral legislature the upper house is oft...
What is one method to protect the rights of the component states?
{ "answer_start": [ 131 ], "text": [ "intrastate federalism" ] }
Context: The structures of most federal governments incorporate mechanisms to protect the rights of component states. One method, known as 'intrastate federalism', is to directly represent the governments of component states in federal political institutions. Where a federation has a bicameral legislature the upper hou...
28.246696
572f96ce947a6a140053ca91
Modern_history
After World War II, Europe was informally split into Western and Soviet spheres of influence. Western Europe later aligned as the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) and Eastern Europe as the Warsaw Pact. There was a shift in power from Western Europe and the British Empire to the two new superpowers, the United ...
What did the defeat of Japan mean for Asia?
{ "answer_start": [ 433 ], "text": [ "led to its democratization." ] }
Context: After World War II, Europe was informally split into Western and Soviet spheres of influence. Western Europe later aligned as the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) and Eastern Europe as the Warsaw Pact. There was a shift in power from Western Europe and the British Empire to the two new superpowers, th...
20.255686
570be2d2ec8fbc190045bbbe
Digestion
In the human digestive system, food enters the mouth and mechanical digestion of the food starts by the action of mastication (chewing), a form of mechanical digestion, and the wetting contact of saliva. Saliva, a liquid secreted by the salivary glands, contains salivary amylase, an enzyme which starts the digestion of...
What is the first step in the human digestive system?
{ "answer_start": [ 100 ], "text": [ "the action of mastication (chewing)" ] }
Context: In the human digestive system, food enters the mouth and mechanical digestion of the food starts by the action of mastication (chewing), a form of mechanical digestion, and the wetting contact of saliva. Saliva, a liquid secreted by the salivary glands, contains salivary amylase, an enzyme which starts the dig...
25.144278
5727a7603acd2414000de8eb
Switzerland
Switzerland voted against membership in the European Economic Area in a referendum in December 1992 and has since maintained and developed its relationships with the European Union (EU) and European countries through bilateral agreements. In March 2001, the Swiss people refused in a popular vote to start accession nego...
What have the Swiss tried to enhance by conforming to EU economic practices?
{ "answer_start": [ 496 ], "text": [ "international competitiveness" ] }
Context: Switzerland voted against membership in the European Economic Area in a referendum in December 1992 and has since maintained and developed its relationships with the European Union (EU) and European countries through bilateral agreements. In March 2001, the Swiss people refused in a popular vote to start acces...
29.097921
56e6d6556fe0821900b8ebb3
Matter
All the objects from everyday life that we can bump into, touch or squeeze are composed of atoms. This atomic matter is in turn made up of interacting subatomic particles—usually a nucleus of protons and neutrons, and a cloud of orbiting electrons. Typically, science considers these composite particles matter because t...
The smaller particles that make up atoms, like protons and neutrons, are what kind of particles?
{ "answer_start": [ 151 ], "text": [ "subatomic" ] }
Context: All the objects from everyday life that we can bump into, touch or squeeze are composed of atoms. This atomic matter is in turn made up of interacting subatomic particles—usually a nucleus of protons and neutrons, and a cloud of orbiting electrons. Typically, science considers these composite particles matter ...
30.667917
572604d7ec44d21400f3d802
Buckingham_Palace
Originally known as Buckingham House, the building at the core of today's palace was a large townhouse built for the Duke of Buckingham in 1703 on a site that had been in private ownership for at least 150 years. It was acquired by King George III in 1761 as a private residence for Queen Charlotte and became known as "...
For whom was Buckingham house originally built?
{ "answer_start": [ 117 ], "text": [ "Duke of Buckingham" ] }
Context: Originally known as Buckingham House, the building at the core of today's palace was a large townhouse built for the Duke of Buckingham in 1703 on a site that had been in private ownership for at least 150 years. It was acquired by King George III in 1761 as a private residence for Queen Charlotte and became k...
24.73105
5727cedf2ca10214002d96fc
New_Haven,_Connecticut
Lighthouse Point Park, a public beach run by the city, was a popular tourist destination during the Roaring Twenties, attracting luminaries of the period such as Babe Ruth and Ty Cobb. The park remains popular among New Haveners, and is home to the Five Mile Point Lighthouse, constructed in 1847, and the Lighthouse Poi...
What notable New Haven attraction constructed in 1847 was located at Lighthouse Point Park?
{ "answer_start": [ 249 ], "text": [ "Five Mile Point Lighthouse" ] }
Context: Lighthouse Point Park, a public beach run by the city, was a popular tourist destination during the Roaring Twenties, attracting luminaries of the period such as Babe Ruth and Ty Cobb. The park remains popular among New Haveners, and is home to the Five Mile Point Lighthouse, constructed in 1847, and the Light...
23.956106
56bec4de3aeaaa14008c93bf
Beyoncé
Beyoncé has been described as a having a wide-ranging sex appeal, with music journalist Touré writing that since the release of Dangerously in Love, she has "become a crossover sex symbol". Offstage Beyoncé says that while she likes to dress sexily, her onstage dress "is absolutely for the stage." Due to her curves and...
Oxford Dictionary added which word from the 2000s dedicated to Beyonce?
{ "answer_start": [ 389 ], "text": [ "Bootylicious" ] }
Context: Beyoncé has been described as a having a wide-ranging sex appeal, with music journalist Touré writing that since the release of Dangerously in Love, she has "become a crossover sex symbol". Offstage Beyoncé says that while she likes to dress sexily, her onstage dress "is absolutely for the stage." Due to her c...
28.555363
57260946ec44d21400f3d81d
Royal_Dutch_Shell
In February 1907, the Royal Dutch Shell Group was created through the amalgamation of two rival companies: the Royal Dutch Petroleum Company of the Netherlands and the "Shell" Transport and Trading Company Ltd of the United Kingdom. It was a move largely driven by the need to compete globally with Standard Oil. The Roy...
When was Royal Shell Group Created?
{ "answer_start": [ 3 ], "text": [ "February 1907" ] }
Context: In February 1907, the Royal Dutch Shell Group was created through the amalgamation of two rival companies: the Royal Dutch Petroleum Company of the Netherlands and the "Shell" Transport and Trading Company Ltd of the United Kingdom. It was a move largely driven by the need to compete globally with Standard Oil...
30.212242
570b71adec8fbc190045ba2a
Hard_rock
By the end of the decade a distinct genre of hard rock was emerging with bands like Led Zeppelin, who mixed the music of early rock bands with a more hard-edged form of blues rock and acid rock on their first two albums Led Zeppelin (1969) and Led Zeppelin II (1969), and Deep Purple, who began as a progressive rock gro...
Black Sabbath's lyrics contained references to what cultural touchstones?
{ "answer_start": [ 567 ], "text": [ "occult and elements of Gothic horror" ] }
Context: By the end of the decade a distinct genre of hard rock was emerging with bands like Led Zeppelin, who mixed the music of early rock bands with a more hard-edged form of blues rock and acid rock on their first two albums Led Zeppelin (1969) and Led Zeppelin II (1969), and Deep Purple, who began as a progressive...
29.177277
570ac3de6d058f19001830d2
Aircraft_carrier
India started the construction of a 40,000-tonne, 260-metre-long (850 ft) Vikrant-class aircraft carrier in 2009. The new carrier will operate MiG-29K and naval HAL Tejas aircraft along with the Indian-made helicopter HAL Dhruv. The ship will be powered by four gas-turbine engines and will have a range of 8,000 nautica...
Who started construction of a 40,000-tonne Vikrant-class carrier in 2009?
{ "answer_start": [ 0 ], "text": [ "India" ] }
Context: India started the construction of a 40,000-tonne, 260-metre-long (850 ft) Vikrant-class aircraft carrier in 2009. The new carrier will operate MiG-29K and naval HAL Tejas aircraft along with the Indian-made helicopter HAL Dhruv. The ship will be powered by four gas-turbine engines and will have a range of 8,00...
29.600391
5725df1689a1e219009abffe
Arsenal_F.C.
Arsenal reached the final of the 2007 and 2011 League Cups, losing 2–1 to Chelsea and Birmingham City respectively. The club had not gained a major trophy since the 2005 FA Cup until 17 May 2014, when Arsenal beat Hull City in the 2014 FA Cup Final, coming back from a 2–0 deficit to win the match 3–2. This qualified th...
What famous team defeated Arsenal for the League Cup in 2007?
{ "answer_start": [ 74 ], "text": [ "Chelsea" ] }
Context: Arsenal reached the final of the 2007 and 2011 League Cups, losing 2–1 to Chelsea and Birmingham City respectively. The club had not gained a major trophy since the 2005 FA Cup until 17 May 2014, when Arsenal beat Hull City in the 2014 FA Cup Final, coming back from a 2–0 deficit to win the match 3–2. This qua...
25.366434
5727b2d43acd2414000dea0b
North_Carolina
North Carolina has rich traditions in art, music, and cuisine. The nonprofit arts and culture industry generates $1.2 billion in direct economic activity in North Carolina, supporting more than 43,600 full-time equivalent jobs and generating $119 million in revenue for local governments and the state of North Carolina....
What industry generates 1.2 billion in economic activity each year for North carolina?
{ "answer_start": [ 67 ], "text": [ "nonprofit arts and culture" ] }
Context: North Carolina has rich traditions in art, music, and cuisine. The nonprofit arts and culture industry generates $1.2 billion in direct economic activity in North Carolina, supporting more than 43,600 full-time equivalent jobs and generating $119 million in revenue for local governments and the state of North ...
28.886848
5727b2b2ff5b5019007d92d4
Switzerland
Switzerland has four official languages: principally German (63.5% total population share, with foreign residents, in 2013); French (22.5%) in the west; and Italian (8.1%) in the south. The fourth official language, Romansh (0.5%), is a Romance language spoken locally in the southeastern trilingual canton of Graubünden...
What is the principal official language in the western part of Switzerland?
{ "answer_start": [ 125 ], "text": [ "French" ] }
Context: Switzerland has four official languages: principally German (63.5% total population share, with foreign residents, in 2013); French (22.5%) in the west; and Italian (8.1%) in the south. The fourth official language, Romansh (0.5%), is a Romance language spoken locally in the southeastern trilingual canton of G...
30.715752
572b8f5d111d821400f38f10
Czech_language
Czech, the official language of the Czech Republic (a member of the European Union since 2004), is one of the EU's official languages and the 2012 Eurobarometer survey found that Czech was the foreign language most often used in Slovakia. Economist Jonathan van Parys collected data on language knowledge in Europe for t...
What is the official language of the Czech republic?
{ "answer_start": [ 0 ], "text": [ "Czech" ] }
Context: Czech, the official language of the Czech Republic (a member of the European Union since 2004), is one of the EU's official languages and the 2012 Eurobarometer survey found that Czech was the foreign language most often used in Slovakia. Economist Jonathan van Parys collected data on language knowledge in Eur...
24.223127
56d632371c85041400946fe2
Dog
A Colorado study found bites in children were less severe than bites in adults. The incidence of dog bites in the US is 12.9 per 10,000 inhabitants, but for boys aged 5 to 9, the incidence rate is 60.7 per 10,000. Moreover, children have a much higher chance to be bitten in the face or neck. Sharp claws with powerful m...
Out of 10,000 boys between five and nine years old, how many are bitten annually by dogs?
{ "answer_start": [ 197 ], "text": [ "60.7" ] }
Context: A Colorado study found bites in children were less severe than bites in adults. The incidence of dog bites in the US is 12.9 per 10,000 inhabitants, but for boys aged 5 to 9, the incidence rate is 60.7 per 10,000. Moreover, children have a much higher chance to be bitten in the face or neck. Sharp claws with p...
23.71756
572ee844c246551400ce479e
Post-punk
At the turn of the 21st century, a post-punk revival developed in British and American alternative and indie rock, which soon started appearing in other countries, as well. The earliest sign of a revival was the emergence of various underground bands in the mid-'90s. However, the first commercially successful bands – t...
When did some of the darker post-punk bands start to appear in the indie scene?
{ "answer_start": [ 603 ], "text": [ "the 2010s" ] }
Context: At the turn of the 21st century, a post-punk revival developed in British and American alternative and indie rock, which soon started appearing in other countries, as well. The earliest sign of a revival was the emergence of various underground bands in the mid-'90s. However, the first commercially successful ...
29.271492
570ffc01a58dae1900cd67af
Sexual_orientation
A third concern with the Kinsey scale is that it inappropriately measures heterosexuality and homosexuality on the same scale, making one a tradeoff of the other. Research in the 1970s on masculinity and femininity found that concepts of masculinity and femininity are more appropriately measured as independent concepts...
What did the research performed in the 1970s show about masculinity and feminity?
{ "answer_start": [ 269 ], "text": [ "more appropriately measured as independent concepts on a separate scale rather than as a single continuum" ] }
Context: A third concern with the Kinsey scale is that it inappropriately measures heterosexuality and homosexuality on the same scale, making one a tradeoff of the other. Research in the 1970s on masculinity and femininity found that concepts of masculinity and femininity are more appropriately measured as independent...
24.59037
56cda8a662d2951400fa67d7
The_Legend_of_Zelda:_Twilight_Princess
Twilight Princess received the awards for Best Artistic Design, Best Original Score, and Best Use of Sound from IGN for its GameCube version. Both IGN and Nintendo Power gave Twilight Princess the awards for Best Graphics and Best Story. Twilight Princess received Game of the Year awards from GameTrailers, 1UP.com, Ele...
Where did Twilight Princess rank on Nintendo Power's list of Nintendo games in the 2000s?
{ "answer_start": [ 834 ], "text": [ "third" ] }
Context: Twilight Princess received the awards for Best Artistic Design, Best Original Score, and Best Use of Sound from IGN for its GameCube version. Both IGN and Nintendo Power gave Twilight Princess the awards for Best Graphics and Best Story. Twilight Princess received Game of the Year awards from GameTrailers, 1UP...
21.27026
5706bb542eaba6190074acad
Atlantic_City,_New_Jersey
As of the 2000 United States Census there were 40,517 people, 15,848 households, and 8,700 families residing in the city. The population density was 3,569.8 people per square mile (1,378.3/km2). There were 20,219 housing units at an average density of 1,781.4 per square mile (687.8/km2). The racial makeup of the city w...
According to the 2000 United States Census, what percentage of the population of Atlantic City were Hispanic or Latino?
{ "answer_start": [ 486 ], "text": [ "24.95%" ] }
Context: As of the 2000 United States Census there were 40,517 people, 15,848 households, and 8,700 families residing in the city. The population density was 3,569.8 people per square mile (1,378.3/km2). There were 20,219 housing units at an average density of 1,781.4 per square mile (687.8/km2). The racial makeup of t...
11.083162
572a26821d046914007797db
Philosophy_of_space_and_time
In the classical case, the invariance, or symmetry, group and the covariance group coincide, but, interestingly enough, they part ways in relativistic physics. The symmetry group of the general theory of relativity includes all differentiable transformations, i.e., all properties of an object are dynamical, in other wo...
The symmetry group of the general theory of relativity includes what?
{ "answer_start": [ 224 ], "text": [ "all differentiable transformations" ] }
Context: In the classical case, the invariance, or symmetry, group and the covariance group coincide, but, interestingly enough, they part ways in relativistic physics. The symmetry group of the general theory of relativity includes all differentiable transformations, i.e., all properties of an object are dynamical, in...
28.366756
571d0d42dd7acb1400e4c1f6
Pharmaceutical_industry
In 1952 researchers at Ciba discovered the first orally available vasodilator, hydralazine. A major shortcoming of hydralazine monotherapy was that it lost its effectiveness over time (tachyphylaxis). In the mid-1950s Karl H. Beyer, James M. Sprague, John E. Baer, and Frederick C. Novello of Merck and Co. discovered an...
Beyer, Sprague, Baer, and Novello received what award in 1975?
{ "answer_start": [ 560 ], "text": [ "Public Health Lasker Award" ] }
Context: In 1952 researchers at Ciba discovered the first orally available vasodilator, hydralazine. A major shortcoming of hydralazine monotherapy was that it lost its effectiveness over time (tachyphylaxis). In the mid-1950s Karl H. Beyer, James M. Sprague, John E. Baer, and Frederick C. Novello of Merck and Co. disc...
25.629156
56cf469eaab44d1400b88efc
Spectre_(2015_film)
In March 2013 Mendes said he would not return to direct the next film in the series, then known as Bond 24; he later recanted and announced that he would return, as he found the script and the plans for the long-term future of the franchise appealing. In directing Skyfall and Spectre, Mendes became the first director t...
Which two consecutive Bond films did Mendes direct?
{ "answer_start": [ 265 ], "text": [ "Skyfall and Spectre" ] }
Context: In March 2013 Mendes said he would not return to direct the next film in the series, then known as Bond 24; he later recanted and announced that he would return, as he found the script and the plans for the long-term future of the franchise appealing. In directing Skyfall and Spectre, Mendes became the first d...
31.421183
5728bf3a2ca10214002da6d4
Paris
By the end of the 12th century, Paris had become the political, economic, religious, and cultural capital of France. The Île de la Cité was the site of the royal palace. In 1163, during the reign of Louis VII, Maurice de Sully, bishop of Paris, undertook the construction of the Notre Dame Cathedral at its eastern extre...
Where was the University of Paris located?
{ "answer_start": [ 326 ], "text": [ "The Left Bank" ] }
Context: By the end of the 12th century, Paris had become the political, economic, religious, and cultural capital of France. The Île de la Cité was the site of the royal palace. In 1163, during the reign of Louis VII, Maurice de Sully, bishop of Paris, undertook the construction of the Notre Dame Cathedral at its east...
20.59601
572e951fdfa6aa1500f8d186
Richard_Feynman
The Feynman Lectures on Physics is perhaps his most accessible work for anyone with an interest in physics, compiled from lectures to Caltech undergraduates in 1961–64. As news of the lectures' lucidity grew, professional physicists and graduate students began to drop in to listen. Co-authors Robert B. Leighton and Mat...
Which addendum was added to the Lectures book in 2005?
{ "answer_start": [ 494 ], "text": [ "\"Feynman's Tips on Physics: A Problem-Solving Supplement to the Feynman Lectures on Physics" ] }
Context: The Feynman Lectures on Physics is perhaps his most accessible work for anyone with an interest in physics, compiled from lectures to Caltech undergraduates in 1961–64. As news of the lectures' lucidity grew, professional physicists and graduate students began to drop in to listen. Co-authors Robert B. Leighto...
31.150621
56cf4ed5aab44d1400b88fa6
New_York_City
New York City's most important economic sector lies in its role as the headquarters for the U.S.financial industry, metonymously known as Wall Street. The city's securities industry, enumerating 163,400 jobs in August 2013, continues to form the largest segment of the city's financial sector and an important economic e...
What percentage of the city's wages does the securities industry provide?
{ "answer_start": [ 448 ], "text": [ "22" ] }
Context: New York City's most important economic sector lies in its role as the headquarters for the U.S.financial industry, metonymously known as Wall Street. The city's securities industry, enumerating 163,400 jobs in August 2013, continues to form the largest segment of the city's financial sector and an important e...
22.533754
56f95b969b226e1400dd1399
Ministry_of_Defence_(United_Kingdom)
Winston Churchill, on forming his government in 1940, created the office of Minister of Defence to exercise ministerial control over the Chiefs of Staff Committee and to co-ordinate defence matters. The post was held by the Prime Minister of the day until Clement Attlee's government introduced the Ministry of Defence A...
When was the Ministry of Defence Act introduced?
{ "answer_start": [ 326 ], "text": [ "1946" ] }
Context: Winston Churchill, on forming his government in 1940, created the office of Minister of Defence to exercise ministerial control over the Chiefs of Staff Committee and to co-ordinate defence matters. The post was held by the Prime Minister of the day until Clement Attlee's government introduced the Ministry of ...
27.838152
5727c0a83acd2414000deba3
A_cappella
Increased interest in modern a cappella (particularly collegiate a cappella) can be seen in the growth of awards such as the Contemporary A Cappella Recording Awards (overseen by the Contemporary A Cappella Society) and competitions such as the International Championship of Collegiate A Cappella for college groups and ...
What is the name of the group that won The Sing-Off?
{ "answer_start": [ 746 ], "text": [ "Nota" ] }
Context: Increased interest in modern a cappella (particularly collegiate a cappella) can be seen in the growth of awards such as the Contemporary A Cappella Recording Awards (overseen by the Contemporary A Cappella Society) and competitions such as the International Championship of Collegiate A Cappella for college gr...
30.9347
5723df4df6b826140030fcd0
Freemasonry
Relations between Grand Lodges are determined by the concept of Recognition. Each Grand Lodge maintains a list of other Grand Lodges that it recognises. When two Grand Lodges recognise and are in Masonic communication with each other, they are said to be in amity, and the brethren of each may visit each other's Lodges ...
What, besides Recognition, must happen between two Grand Lodges in order for them to be considered in amity?
{ "answer_start": [ 196 ], "text": [ "Masonic communication" ] }
Context: Relations between Grand Lodges are determined by the concept of Recognition. Each Grand Lodge maintains a list of other Grand Lodges that it recognises. When two Grand Lodges recognise and are in Masonic communication with each other, they are said to be in amity, and the brethren of each may visit each other'...
23.601137
570c22d96b8089140040fb4a
Federal_Bureau_of_Investigation
Hoover began using wiretapping in the 1920s during Prohibition to arrest bootleggers. In the 1927 case Olmstead v. United States, in which a bootlegger was caught through telephone tapping, the United States Supreme Court ruled that FBI wiretaps did not violate the Fourth Amendment as unlawful search and seizure, as lo...
Which president was the first to use wiretaps to find bootleggers?
{ "answer_start": [ 0 ], "text": [ "Hoover" ] }
Context: Hoover began using wiretapping in the 1920s during Prohibition to arrest bootleggers. In the 1927 case Olmstead v. United States, in which a bootlegger was caught through telephone tapping, the United States Supreme Court ruled that FBI wiretaps did not violate the Fourth Amendment as unlawful search and seizu...
24.425991
5726bda85951b619008f7cb2
Gothic_architecture
Expansive interior light has been a feature of Gothic cathedrals since the first structure was opened. The metaphysics of light in the Middle Ages led to clerical belief in its divinity and the importance of its display in holy settings. Much of this belief was based on the writings of Pseudo-Dionysius, a sixth-century...
Whose writings led to the clerical belief in the divinity of light?
{ "answer_start": [ 287 ], "text": [ "Pseudo-Dionysius" ] }
Context: Expansive interior light has been a feature of Gothic cathedrals since the first structure was opened. The metaphysics of light in the Middle Ages led to clerical belief in its divinity and the importance of its display in holy settings. Much of this belief was based on the writings of Pseudo-Dionysius, a sixt...
31.43528
570e719b0b85d914000d7f06
Melbourne
Port Phillip is often warmer than the surrounding oceans and/or the land mass, particularly in spring and autumn; this can set up a "bay effect" similar to the "lake effect" seen in colder climates where showers are intensified leeward of the bay. Relatively narrow streams of heavy showers can often affect the same pla...
What is the range of Melbourne's dewpoint temperatures in the summer?
{ "answer_start": [ 826 ], "text": [ "9.5 °C (49.1 °F) to 11.7 °C (53.1 °F)" ] }
Context: Port Phillip is often warmer than the surrounding oceans and/or the land mass, particularly in spring and autumn; this can set up a "bay effect" similar to the "lake effect" seen in colder climates where showers are intensified leeward of the bay. Relatively narrow streams of heavy showers can often affect the...
28.712067
572ab33ff75d5e190021fc58
Royal_assent
After the House of Representatives has debated the law, it either approves it and sends it to the Senate with the text "The Second Chamber of the States General sends the following approved proposal of law to the First Chamber", or it rejects it and returns it to the government with the text "The Second Chamber of the ...
If the Senate approves the law after receiving it from the House, what is written and sent to the government?
{ "answer_start": [ 474 ], "text": [ "\"To the King, The States General have accepted the proposal of law as it is offered here.\"" ] }
Context: After the House of Representatives has debated the law, it either approves it and sends it to the Senate with the text "The Second Chamber of the States General sends the following approved proposal of law to the First Chamber", or it rejects it and returns it to the government with the text "The Second Chambe...
16.385534
572657145951b619008f7016
Greece
The coalition government led the country to the parliamentary elections of May 2012. The power of the traditional Greek political parties, PASOK and New Democracy, declined from 43% to 13% and from 33% to 18%, respectively, due to their support on the politics of Mnimonio and the austerity measures. The leftist party o...
What led to the loss of power of traditional Greek parties?
{ "answer_start": [ 231 ], "text": [ "their support on the politics of Mnimonio and the austerity measures" ] }
Context: The coalition government led the country to the parliamentary elections of May 2012. The power of the traditional Greek political parties, PASOK and New Democracy, declined from 43% to 13% and from 33% to 18%, respectively, due to their support on the politics of Mnimonio and the austerity measures. The leftis...
22.448503
56e79f1700c9c71400d773f1
University_of_Kansas
The university houses the following public broadcasting stations: KJHK, a student-run campus radio station, KUJH-LP, an independent station that primarily broadcasts public affairs programs, and KANU, the NPR-affiliated radio station. Kansas Public Radio station KANU was one of the first public radio stations in the na...
What kinds of programming appear on KUJH-LP?
{ "answer_start": [ 166 ], "text": [ "public affairs" ] }
Context: The university houses the following public broadcasting stations: KJHK, a student-run campus radio station, KUJH-LP, an independent station that primarily broadcasts public affairs programs, and KANU, the NPR-affiliated radio station. Kansas Public Radio station KANU was one of the first public radio stations ...
30.601023
56cffb63234ae51400d9c1e6
New_York_City
More than 200 newspapers and 350 consumer magazines have an office in the city, and the publishing industry employs about 25,000 people. Two of the three national daily newspapers in the United States are New York papers: The Wall Street Journal and The New York Times, which has won the most Pulitzer Prizes for journal...
How many magazines can call NYC home?
{ "answer_start": [ 29 ], "text": [ "350" ] }
Context: More than 200 newspapers and 350 consumer magazines have an office in the city, and the publishing industry employs about 25,000 people. Two of the three national daily newspapers in the United States are New York papers: The Wall Street Journal and The New York Times, which has won the most Pulitzer Prizes fo...
25.108585
570c75c9fed7b91900d459d4
FC_Barcelona
FC Barcelona's all-time highest goalscorer in all competitions (including friendlies) is Lionel Messi with 474 goals. Messi is also the all-time highest goalscorer for Barcelona in all official competitions, excluding friendlies, with 445 goals. He is the record goalscorer for Barcelona in European (82 goals) and inter...
How many goals has Messi scored in La Liga competitions?
{ "answer_start": [ 393 ], "text": [ "305" ] }
Context: FC Barcelona's all-time highest goalscorer in all competitions (including friendlies) is Lionel Messi with 474 goals. Messi is also the all-time highest goalscorer for Barcelona in all official competitions, excluding friendlies, with 445 goals. He is the record goalscorer for Barcelona in European (82 goals) ...
28.361887
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