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Window function (SQL)
Example Window functions allow access to data in the records right before and after the current record. A window function defines a frame or window of rows with a given length around the current row, and performs a calculation across the set of data in the window. NAME | ------------ Aaron| <-- Precedin...
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Gambling mathematics
Experiments, events and probability spaces The technical processes of a game stand for experiments that generate aleatory events. Here are a few examples: Throwing the dice in craps is an experiment that generates events such as occurrences of certain numbers on the dice, obtaining a certain sum of the shown numbers, ...
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Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy
{{Infobox school | name = Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy (IMSA) | image = | imagesize = 250px | caption = | streetaddress = 1500 Sullivan Rd. | city = Aurora | state = Illinois | zipcode...
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Prism (geometry)
A 1-polytopic prism is a rectangle, made from 2 translated line segments. It is represented as the product Schläfli symbol {}×{}. If it is square, symmetry can be reduced: Example: Square, {}×{}, two parallel line segments, connected by two line segment sides. A polygonal prism is a 3-dimensional prism made from two t...
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Matrix calculus
{|class="wikitable" |+ Result of differentiating various kinds of aggregates with other kinds of aggregates ! colspan=2 rowspan=2 | ! colspan=2 | Scalar y ! colspan=2 | Column vector y (size m×1) ! colspan=2 | Matrix Y (size m×n) |- ! Notation !! Type ! Notation !! Type ! Notation !! Type |- ! rowspan=2 | Scalar x ! Nu...
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Postcodes in the United Kingdom
Notes: As all formats end with 9AA, the first part of a postcode can easily be extracted by ignoring the last three characters. Areas with only single-digit districts: BR, FY, HA, HD, HG, HR, HS, HX, JE, LD, SM, SR, WC, WN, ZE (although WC is always subdivided by a further letter, e.g. WC1A) Areas with only double-d...
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Murderous Maths
The following are the thirteen books that are available in the series. Guaranteed to Bend Your Brain (previously Murderous Maths), - (addition, subtraction, multiplication, division, percentages, powers, tessellation, Roman numerals, the development of the "10" and the place system, shortcomings of calculators, prime ...
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Rhind Mathematical Papyrus
Book III – Miscellany The third part of the Rhind papyrus consists of the remainder of the 91 problems, being 61, 61B, 62–82, 82B, 83–84, and "numbers" 85–87, which are items that are not mathematical in nature. This final section contains more complicated tables of data (which frequently involve Horus eye fractions)...
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MathML
would be marked up using LaTeX syntax like this: x=\frac{-b \pm \sqrt{b^2 - 4ac}}{2a} in troff/eqn like this: x={-b +- sqrt{b sup 2 – 4ac}} over 2a in Apache OpenOffice Math and LibreOffice Math like this (all three are valid): x={-b plusminus sqrt {b^2 – 4 ac}} over {2 a} x={-b +- sqrt {b^2 – 4ac}} over {2a} x={-b ±...
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Ancient Egyptian mathematics
Area: Triangles: The scribes record problems computing the area of a triangle (RMP and MMP). Rectangles: Problems regarding the area of a rectangular plot of land appear in the RMP and the MMP. A similar problem appears in the Lahun Mathematical Papyri in London. Circles: Problem 48 of the RMP compares the area of a...
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Magic circle (mathematics)
Ding Yidong was a mathematician contemporary with Yang Hui. In his magic circle with 6 rings, the unit numbers of the 5 outer rings, combined with the unit number of the center ring, form the following magic square: {| class="wikitable" | 4 || 9 || 2 |- | 3 || 5 || 7 |- | 8 || 1 || 6 |} Method of construction: Let radi...
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XCOR Aerospace
The "multi-year project’s main objective [was] to produce a flight-ready LOX/LH2 upper-stage engine in the -thrust class that costs significantly less to produce and is easier to operate and integrate than competing engine technologies"<ref name=aw20110323> {{cite news |last=Morring |first=Frank, Jr. |title=ULA, XCOR t...
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Mathematics in medieval Islam
Sharaf al-Dīn al-Ṭūsī (? in Tus, Iran – 1213/4) developed a novel approach to the investigation of cubic equations—an approach which entailed finding the point at which a cubic polynomial obtains its maximum value. For example, to solve the equation , with a and b positive, he would note that the maximum point of the c...
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Lehmer's GCD algorithm
Say we want to obtain the GCD of the two integers a and b. Let a ≥ b. If b contains only one digit (in the chosen base, say β = 1000 or β = 232), use some other method, such as the Euclidean algorithm, to obtain the result. If a and b differ in the length of digits, perform a division so that a and b are equal in len...
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Turing's proof
An example to illustrate the first proof An example: Suppose machine H has tested 13472 numbers and produced 5 satisfactory numbers, i.e. H has converted the numbers 1 through 13472 into S.D's (symbol strings) and passed them to D for test. As a consequence H has tallied 5 satisfactory numbers and run the first one to ...
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Music and mathematics
{|class="wikitable" !Commonterm !Examplename !Hz !Multiple offundamental !Ratio ofwithin octave !Centswithin octave |- |Fundamental |A2 |110 | | | |- |rowspan=2 style="text-align:center;" |Octave |rowspan=2 style="text-align:center;" |A3 |rowspan=2 |220 |rowspan=2 style="text-align:center;" | | | |- | | |- |Perfect Fif...
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American Invitational Mathematics Examination
Sample problems Given that where and are positive integers and is as large as possible, find (2003 AIME I #1) Solution: 839 If the integer is added to each of the numbers , , and , one obtains the squares of three consecutive terms of an arithmetic series. Find . (1989 AIME #7) Solution: 925 Complex numbers , an...
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Matrix calculus
{|class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" |+ Identities: scalar-by-matrix ! scope="col" width="175" | Condition ! scope="col" width="10" | Expression ! scope="col" width="100" | Numerator layout, i.e. by XT ! scope="col" width="100" | Denominator layout, i.e. by X |- | a is not a function of X || | || |- |...
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List of power stations in Ethiopia
{| class="wikitable sortable" ! ICS Solar park ! Location !class="unsortable"|Coordinates ! Installedcapacity(MWac) ! Capacityfactor ! park size[km2] ! Operationalsince ! Status ! class="unsortable" |Notes |- | Metehara |Metehara | |style="text-align:center" data-sort-value="100" | (100) |style="text-align:center" dat...
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Unification (computer science)
{| style="border: 1px solid darkgray;" |+ One-sided paramodulation rules |- border="0" | align="right" | G ∪ { f(s1,...,sn) ≐ f(t1,...,tn) } | ; S | ⇒ | align="right" | G ∪ { s1 ≐ t1, ..., sn ≐ tn } | ; S| |     decompose |- | align="right" | G ∪ { x ≐ t } | ; S| ⇒ | align="right" | G { x ↦ t } |; S{x↦t} ∪ {x↦t} | alig...
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HITS algorithm
Pseudocode G := set of pages for each page p in G do p.auth = 1 // p.auth is the authority score of the page p p.hub = 1 // p.hub is the hub score of the page p for step from 1 to k do // run the algorithm for k steps norm = 0 for each page p in G do // update all authority values first ...
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Software analysis pattern
Describing an analysis pattern While doing Analysis we are trying to understand the problem. Fowler does not detail in his book a formal way to write or to describe analysis patterns. Suggestions have been raised since to have a consistent and uniform format for describing them. Most of them are based on the work from...
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Computer science
Overview "Within more than 70 chapters, every one new or significantly revised, one can find any kind of information and references about computer science one can imagine. […] all in all, there is absolute nothing about Computer Science that can not be found in the 2.5 kilogram-encyclopaedia with its 110 survey arti...
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Azimuthal quantum number
{| class="wikitable" |+ Quantum subshells for the azimuthal quantum number |- ! style="text-align: center; vertical-align: bottom;"| Azimuthalnumber (ℓ) ! style="text-align: center; vertical-align: bottom;"| Historicalletter ! style="text-align: center; vertical-align: bottom;"| Maximumelectrons ! style="text-align: ce...
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Bridge (graph theory)
Tarjan's bridge-finding algorithm The first linear time algorithm for finding the bridges in a graph was described by Robert Tarjan in 1974. It performs the following steps: Find a spanning forest of Create a rooted forest from the spanning forest Traverse the forest in preorder and number the nodes. Parent nodes...
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Network of Conservation Educators and Practitioners
Each module includes a Synthesis document that brings together key concepts, applications, and literature for a topic, as well as an easily modified visual Presentation, and a practical Exercise for laboratory or field use. Exercise solutions and teaching notes are also provided for the instructor, as are learning goal...
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Array programming
R The R language supports array paradigm by default. The following example illustrates a process of multiplication of two matrices followed by an addition of a scalar (which is, in fact, a one-element vector) and a vector: > A <- matrix(1:6, nrow=2) # !!this has nrow=2 ... and A has 2 rows >...
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IEEE Nanotechnology Council
The Nanotechnology community in Canada is very active. Many IEEE NTC conferences were recently hosted in Canada (e.g., IEEE NANO 2014 in Ottawa) and there is more to come (i.e., IEEE NANO 2021 in Montréal and IEEE NMDC 2021 in Vancouver). One of the goals of Mr. Berkenbrock is to connect with this dynamic community for...
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Computational creativity
Poetry More than iron, more than lead, more than gold I need electricity.I need it more than I need lamb or pork or lettuce or cucumber.I need it for my dreams. Racter, from The Policeman's Beard Is Half Constructed Like jokes, poems involve a complex interaction of different constraints, and no general-purpose poem ge...
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FACT (computer language)
Source statements: P 85 BOND PROCEDURE. WRITE BONDORDER AND SUBTRACT 1 FROM NUM. P 86 P 87 NOTE. PHASE I OF SAMPLE PROGRAM. THE FOLLOWING PROCEDURES ARE USED TO P 88 MAKE BATCH CHECKS DURING THE CARD READING PASS. P 89 P 90 SUMMATION PROCEDURE. ADD RP HOURS TO SUM-OF-HOURS. ADD 1 TO CARDS-IN- P 91 ...
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Distribution (differential geometry)
Non-integrable ones The Martinet distribution on is given by , for ; equivalently, it is generated by the vector fields and . It is bracket-generating since , but it is not weakly regular: has rank 3 everywhere except on the surface . The contact distribution on is given by , for ; equivalently, it is generated ...
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Religious and political symbols in Unicode
Miscellaneous Symbols and Pictographs block The Unicode chart for the Miscellaneous Symbols and Pictographs block notes many religious symbols: {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" ! Text !! Emoji !! Code point !! Name and notes |- | || || U+1F4FF || style="text-align:left" | PRAYER BEADS |- | || || U+1F54...
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Energy return on investment
EROI and payback periods of some types of power plants The following table is a compilation of sources of energy from German Wikipedia. The minimum requirement is a breakdown of the cumulative energy expenses according to material data. Frequently in literature harvest factors are reported, for which the origin of the...
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La Selva Biological Station
There is a great amount of research conducted at La Selva Biological Station. Each year, more than 240 papers are published from studies performed there. The station has grown and expanded its facilities to include two laboratories, workspaces, an academic center, a workers’ lounge, a researchers’ lounge, a river sta...
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Constraint programming
Example The syntax for expressing constraints over finite domains depends on the host language. The following is a Prolog program that solves the classical alphametic puzzle SEND+MORE=MONEY in constraint logic programming: % This code works in both YAP and SWI-Prolog using the environment-supplied % CLPFD constraint s...
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Computer facial animation
Face animation languages Many face animation languages are used to describe the content of facial animation. They can be input to a compatible "player" software which then creates the requested actions. Face animation languages are closely related to other multimedia presentation languages such as SMIL and VRML. Due to...
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Mechanical systems drawing
Installation drawing A drawing which based on the detailed drawing, installation drawing or co-ordination drawing (interface drawing) with the primary purpose of defining that information needed by the tradesmen on site to install the works or concurrently work among various engineering assembly. The main features of t...
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Physics (Aristotle)
Also includes On Coming-To-Be and Ceasing-To-Be I.4-5; On The Generation Of Animals I.22. Includes Physics I-II, III.1, VIII. This is the oldest of Loeb 255, reprinted or reissued many times subsequently under different subseries: Volume 5 of a 23-volume Aristotle set or Volume 2 of a 2-volume Aristotle Physics s...
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Embodied energy
Methodologies Embodied energy analysis is interested in what energy goes to supporting a consumer, and so all energy depreciation is assigned to the final demand of consumer. Different methodologies use different scales of data to calculate energy embodied in products and services of nature and human civilization. Inte...
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Fortune's algorithm
let be the transformation , where is the Euclidean distance between and the nearest site let be the "beach line" let be the region covered by site . let be the boundary ray between sites and . let be a set of sites on which this algorithm is to be applied. let be the sites extracted from with minimal ...
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List of MeSH codes
The following is a list of the codes for MeSH (Medical Subject Headings), a comprehensive controlled vocabulary for the purpose of indexing journal articles and books in the life sciences. It is a product of the United States National Library of Medicine (NLM). The prefixes (A01, etc.) are linked to more extensive sub-...
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Reed–Solomon error correction
Decoder Now the decoding part: function [decoded, error_pos, error_mag, g, S] = rsDecoder(encoded, m, prim_poly, n, k) % RSDECODER Decode a Reed-Solomon encoded message % Example: % [dec, ~, ~, ~, ~] = rsDecoder(enc_msg, 8, 301, 12, numel(msg)) max_errors = floor((n - k) / 2); orig_vals = encoded...
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Functional flow block diagram
Contextual and administrative data Each FFBD shall contain the following contextual and administrative data: Date the diagram was created Name of the engineer, organization, or working group that created the diagram Unique decimal delimited number of the function being diagrammed Unique function name of the functi...
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Tracker (business software)
Stang, D. (2011, June 13). MarketScope for Project and Portfolio Management Applications. Gartner. Retrieved May 5, 2012, from http://www.gartner.com/id=1724626. Levine, R. (2011, February 26). TrackerSuite.Net 3.6 Review. Bright Hub. Retrieved March 8, 2011, from http://www.brighthub.com/office/project-management/rev...
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Speakeasy (computational environment)
Depending on a specific setting, missing values can be represented by the above notation, by a question mark symbol, or a blank (useful in tables). When used in input the question mark is interpreted as an N.A. missing value. :_ b=timeseries(1,2,3,4 : 2010 1 4) :_ b B (A Time Series with 4 Components) 1 2 3 ...
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Binary Golay code
Constructions Lexicographic code: Order the vectors in V lexicographically (i.e., interpret them as unsigned 24-bit binary integers and take the usual ordering). Starting with w0 = 0, define w1, w2, ..., w12 by the rule that wn is the smallest integer which differs from all linear combinations of previous elements ...
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Human Protein Reference Database
There are other databases that deal with human proteome (e.g. BioGRID, BIND, DIP, HPRD, IntAct, MINT, MIPS, PDZBase and Reactome). Each database has its own style of presenting the data. It is a difficult task for most investigators to compare the voluminous data from these databases in order to conclude strengths and ...
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Renewable energy in Canada
One consideration of ocean energy not to be overlooked is the concurrent development and use of the ocean and its resources by all manners of industries, hobbyists, and wildlife. Power production facilities require their own space and can become danger to the animals and humans that get too close. One proposed solution...
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Multiservice tactical brevity code
W Wall Three or more groups or contacts primarily split in azimuth. Warning (color) Hostile attack is RED imminent or in progress. YELLOW probable. WHITE improbable (all clear). Weapons (followed by appropriate modifier below) Fire only; FREE at targets not identified as friendly in accordance with current rules of eng...
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Tree (data structure)
In computing, a common way to define well-founded trees is via recursive ordered pairs : a tree is a forest together with a "fresh" node . A forest in turn is a possibly empty set of trees with pairwise disjoint sets of nodes. For the precise definition, proceed similarly as in the construction of names used in the ...
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Religious and political symbols in Unicode
Miscellaneous Symbols block The Unicode chart for the Miscellaneous Symbols block has a section explicitly labelled "Religious and political symbols": {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" |- ! Text !! Emoji !! Code point !! Name and notes |- | || || U+2626 || style="text-align:left" | ORTHODOX CROSS |- | |...
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Dynamic energy budget theory
The general methodology of estimation of DEB parameters from data is described in van der Meer 2006; Kooijman et al 2008 shows which particular compound parameters can be estimated from a few simple observations at a single food density and how an increasing number of parameters can be estimated if more quantities are ...
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The Engineering of Consent
The essay first appeared in the Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science. The author's observations in the essay include the following: The United States has become a small room where a single whisper is magnified thousands of times. There are two divisions in media: commercial and organized gro...
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Holland Codes
Tracey and Rounds's octagonal model In the United States, the energetic trial is being made with the aim of the new model which surpasses Holland hexagon model in 1990's. Tracey & Rounds's octagonal model is one such example. Based on the empirical data, they argue that occupational interests can be placed circularly ...
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Gadfly (database)
Introspection By default a gadfly database automatically includes "introspective" tables which allow a gadfly query to "query the shape of the database"—for example to view table names and names of rows in tables: >>> g = gadfly() >>> g.startup("dbtest", "dbtest") >>> c = g.cursor() >>> c.execute("select * from __tabl...
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Matrix calculus
{|class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" |+ Differential identities: matrix ! Condition !! Expression !! Result (numerator layout) |- |A is not a function of X || || |- |a is not a function of X || || |- | || || |- | || || |- | (Kronecker product) || || |- | (Hadamard product) || || |- | || || |-...
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Relationships among probability distributions
Consequences of the CLT: If X is a Poisson random variable with large mean, then for integers j and k, P(j ≤ X ≤ k) approximately equals to P(j − 1/2 ≤ Y ≤ k + 1/2) where Y is a normal distribution with the same mean and variance as X. If X is a binomial(n, p) random variable with large np and n(1 − p), then for inte...
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Statistics education
United Kingdom In the United Kingdom, at least some statistics has been taught in schools since the 1930s. At present, A-level qualifications (typically taken by 17- to 18-year-olds) are being developed in "Statistics" and "Further Statistics". The coverage of the former includes: Probability; Data Collection; Descript...
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Crossing number (graph theory)
During World War II, Hungarian mathematician Pál Turán was forced to work in a brick factory, pushing wagon loads of bricks from kilns to storage sites. The factory had tracks from each kiln to each storage site, and the wagons were harder to push at the points where tracks crossed each other, from which Turán was led ...
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Psychometric software
irtoys irtoys is an R package first published in 2007 and supporting almost everything in the book but limited to one booklet of dichotomous items. It is good for teaching, smaller projects, as a psychometrician's Swiss knife and as a source of building stones for other projects. The simple syntax files for ICL and BIL...
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Internal Revenue Code
Subtitles A. Income Taxes (sections 1 through 1564)As a further example, here are the chapters of this subtitle: (sections 1 through 1400U3) (sections 1401 through 1403) (sections 1441 through 1464) (sections 1471–1474) (sections 1491-1494) (sections 1501 through 1564) B. Estate and Gift Taxes (sections ...
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Oz (programming language)
Basic data structures: Numbers: floating point or integer (real integer) Records: for grouping data : circle(x:0 y:1 radius:3 color:blue style:dots). Here the terms x,y, radius etc. are called features and the data associated with the features (in this case 0,1,3 etc.) are the values. Tuples: Records with integer f...
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FAME (database)
Toolkits and connectors FAME Desktop Add-in for Excel: FAME Desktop is an Excel add-in that supports the =FMD(expression,sd,ed,0,freq,orientation) and =FMS(expression,freq + date) formula, just as the 4GL command prompt does. These formulas can be placed in Excel spreadsheets and are linked to FAME objects and analyt...
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Algorithm
An elegant program for Euclid's algorithm The flowchart of "Elegant" can be found at the top of this article. In the (unstructured) Basic language, the steps are numbered, and the instruction LET [] = [] is the assignment instruction symbolized by ←. 5 REM Euclid's algorithm for greatest common divisor 6 PRINT "Ty...
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List of mathematical examples
Alexander horned sphere All horses are the same color Cantor function Cantor set Checking if a coin is biased Concrete illustration of the central limit theorem Differential equations of mathematical physics Dirichlet function Discontinuous linear map Efron's non-transitive dice Example of a game without a value Exampl...
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Steinhaus–Johnson–Trotter algorithm
Gray codes A Gray code for numbers in a given radix is a sequence that contains each number up to a given limit exactly once, in such a way that each pair of consecutive numbers differs by one in a single digit. The n! permutations of the n numbers from 1 to n may be placed in one-to-one correspondence with the n! numb...
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List of RCD Espanyol records and statistics
Overall seasons table in La Liga {|class="wikitable" |-bgcolor="#efefef" ! Pos. ! Club ! Season In D1 ! Pl. ! W ! D ! L ! GS ! GA ! Dif. ! Pts !Champion !2nd place !3rd place !4th place |- |align=center|7 |Espanyol |align=center|85 |align=center|2740 |align=center|979 |align=center|642 |align=center|1119 |align=ce...
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Lua (programming language)
Metatables Extensible semantics is a key feature of Lua, and the metatable concept allows powerful customization of tables. The following example demonstrates an "infinite" table. For any n, fibs[n] will give the n-th Fibonacci number using dynamic programming and memoization. fibs = { 1, 1 } ...
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Unification (computer science)
For an example, a term rewrite system R is used defining the append operator of lists built from cons and nil; where cons(x,y) is written in infix notation as x.y for brevity; e.g. app(a.b.nil,c.d.nil) → a.app(b.nil,c.d.nil) → a.b.app(nil,c.d.nil) → a.b.c.d.nil demonstrates the concatenation of the lists a.b.nil and c....
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Complex network
Interest in scale-free networks began in the late 1990s with the reporting of discoveries of power-law degree distributions in real world networks such as the World Wide Web, the network of Autonomous systems (ASs), some networks of Internet routers, protein interaction networks, email networks, etc. Most of these rep...
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CuneiForm (software)
1999 New OEM contract with the Olivetti company on supplying the multi-function devices imported into Russia with the CuneiForm system; Distribution agreement with a leading European distributor of software company WSKA (France) on the distribution of OCR Cuneiform Direct in Europe; New version of the system released, ...
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Algorithm
An inelegant program for Euclid's algorithm The following algorithm is framed as Knuth's four-step version of Euclid's and Nicomachus', but, rather than using division to find the remainder, it uses successive subtractions of the shorter length s from the remaining length r until r is less than s. The high-level descri...
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Loop unrolling
Converting to MIPS assembly language The following is MIPS assembly code that will compute the dot product of two 100-entry vectors, A and B, before implementing loop unrolling. The code below omits the loop initializations: Initialize loop count ($7) to 100. Initialize dot product ($f10) to 0. Initialize A[i] poin...
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Roxxon Energy Corporation
Hired agents Thomas Agar - Assault & Battery - Anton Aubuisson - A mercenary of Roxxon who massacres a tribe of Anuquit natives in order to build an oil pipeline but gets thwarted by War Machine. Coldblood-7 - Firebolt - He was hired to destroy the experiments at Project: PEGASUS. Fixer - Flag-Smasher - A m...
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Biostatistics
Research planning Any research in life sciences is proposed to answer a scientific question we might have. To answer this question with a high certainty, we need accurate results. The correct definition of the main hypothesis and the research plan will reduce errors while taking a decision in understanding a phenomenon...
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Power law
Two-point fitting method This criterion can be applied for the estimation of power-law exponent in the case of scale free distributions and provides a more convergent estimate than the maximum likelihood method. It has been applied to study probability distributions of fracture apertures. In some contexts the probabili...
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Barcode Project
The Barcode buildings are, from west to east: PriceWaterhouseCoopers (PWC) Building. 18 floors. Architects: a-lab. 12 floors. A glass structure of simple form with a central entrance five storeys high affording views through the building, and 3-storey voids within the building visible from the exterior. The first Barc...
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R (programming language)
use of community-developed external libraries (called packages), in this case caTools package handling of complex numbers multidimensional arrays of numbers used as basic data type, see variables C, Z and X. install.packages("caTools") # install external package library(caTools) # external package provid...
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Text Executive Programming Language
A list of star variables follows: *account - user account number associated with the current userid *cl - the current line of the current file being edited *lcl - the length of the *cl value *clvl - current depth of calls *date - current date in the form of YY-MM-DD *eof - T if positioned after the last line of t...
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Materials science in science fiction
In real life, scientists have announced a plastic as strong as steel, but transparent. |- |Beryllium |Galaxy Quest, The Shadow |The starship NSEA Protector is powered by large spheres of beryllium. Also, beryllium is needed for the creation of a bomb and found by investigating the metal components of a supposed "beryll...
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Biomolecular engineering
Scaling up a process involves using data from an experimental-scale operation (model or pilot plant) for the design of a large (scaled-up) unit, of commercial size. Scaling up is a crucial part of commercializing a process. For example, insulin produced by genetically modified Escherichia coli bacteria was initialized ...
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Anonymous function
irb(main):001:0> # Example 1: irb(main):002:0* # Purely anonymous functions using blocks. irb(main):003:0* ex = [16.2, 24.1, 48.3, 32.4, 8.5] => [16.2, 24.1, 48.3, 32.4, 8.5] irb(main):004:0> ex.sort_by { |x| x - x.to_i } # Sort by fractional part, ignoring integer part. => [24.1, 16.2, 48.3, 32.4, 8.5] irb(main):005:0...
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Bowyer–Watson algorithm
Pseudocode The following pseudocode describes a basic implementation of the Bowyer-Watson algorithm. Its time complexity is . Efficiency can be improved in a number of ways. For example, the triangle connectivity can be used to locate the triangles which contain the new point in their circumcircle, without having to ch...
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Jacobi elliptic functions
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; width:200px”; |+ Residues of Jacobi Elliptic Functions !colspan="2" rowspan="2"| !colspan="4"|q |- ! width="40pt"|c ! width="40pt"|s ! width="40pt"|n ! width="40pt"|d |- !rowspan="6"|p |- ! height="40pt" |c | ||1|||| |- ! height="40pt" |s | || |||| |- ! height="40pt" |n |...
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Math circle
Guided exploration circles use self-discovery and the Socratic method to probe deep questions. Robert & Ellen Kaplan, in their book Out of the Labyrinth: Setting Mathematics Free, make a case for this format describing the non-profit Cambridge/Boston Math Circle they founded in 1994 in the Harvard University. The book ...
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Search algorithm
Problems in combinatorial optimization, such as: The vehicle routing problem, a form of shortest path problem The knapsack problem: Given a set of items, each with a weight and a value, determine the number of each item to include in a collection so that the total weight is less than or equal to a given limit and the...
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List of programs broadcast by Nine Network
1 vs. 100 (2007–2008) All About Faces (1971) Ampol Stamp Quiz (1964–1965) Bert's Family Feud (2006–2007) The Better Sex (1978) The Big Game (1966) Big Nine (1969–1970) Blankety Blanks (1985–1986, 1996) Burgo's Catch Phrase (1997–2001, 2002–2003) Cash Bonanza (2001) The Celebrity Game (1969) Celebrity Squares...
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Wind power in New York
A NYISO study conducted in 2010, Growing Wind: Final Report of the NYISO 2010 Wind Generation Study (Sept. 2010), found that the New York power system will allow for the integration of up to 8,000 MW of wind generation with no adverse reliability impacts. At higher levels of wind generation, due to increased variabilit...
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Interactive Mathematics Program
Each book of the curriculum is divided into five- to eight-week units, each having a central problem or theme. This larger problem is intended to serve as motivation for students to develop the underlying skills and concepts needed to solve it, through solving a variety of smaller related problems. There is an emphasi...
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Heap (data structure)
Construction of a binary (or d-ary) heap out of a given array of elements may be performed in linear time using the classic Floyd algorithm, with the worst-case number of comparisons equal to 2N − 2s2(N) − e2(N) (for a binary heap), where s2(N) is the sum of all digits of the binary representation of N and e2(N) is the...
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Building information modeling
There have been attempts at creating information models for older, pre-existing facilities. Approaches include referencing key metrics such as the Facility Condition Index (FCI), or using 3D laser-scanning surveys and photogrammetry techniques (separately or in combination) or digitizing traditional building surveying ...
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DMS Software Reengineering Toolkit
Changes to ASTs can be accomplished by both procedural methods coded in PARLANSE and source-to-source tree transformations coded as rewrite rules using surface-syntax conditioned by any extracted program facts, using DMS's Rule Specification Language (RSL). The rewrite rule engine supporting RSL handles associative an...
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Software audit review
The financial context: Further transparency is needed to clarify whether the software has been developed commercially and whether the audit was funded commercially (paid Audit). It makes a difference whether it is a private hobby / community project or whether a commercial company is behind it. Scientific referencing...
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Origin (data analysis software)
Release history 2021/11/16 Origin 2022: Add Notes to Cells, Named Range, Image on Graph as Linked Files, Mini Toolbars on Object Manager, Connect to OneDrive and Google Drive for data. 2021/4/30 Origin 2021b: Mini toolbar for 3D graph, built-in Shapefile support, insert maps to graphs, NetCDF climate data, SQLite imp...
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Spar Aerospace
Beckert, Beverly A., "Satellite Design Soars to New Heights", Computer-Aided Engineering, October 1993, p. 24. Berman, David, "When Bad Companies Happen to Good People", Canadian Business, March 27, 1998, pp. 78–81. Calamai, Peter, "Canada Mulls Shifting Space Contract to Europeans: U.S. Ban on Flow of Information, T...
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Computer-aided production engineering
The tools implementing these functions must be highly automated and integrated; and will need to provide quick access to a wide range of data. This data must be maintained in a format that is accessible and usable by the engineering tools. Some examples of the information that might be contained in these electronic lib...
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List of programs broadcast by Seven Network
All-Star Squares (1999) Australia's Brainiest Kid (Seven Network 2004; Network Ten 2005-2007 as Australia's Brainiest) Beat The Star (2010) Blind Date (1974) Blockbusters (1990–1994) Cannonball (2017) Catch Us If You Can Celebrity Tattletales (1980) C'mon, Have A Go! (1985-1986) Coles £3000 Question and Coles $6000 Que...
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Perfect hash function
Pseudocode algorithm hash, displace, and compress is (1) Split S into buckets (2) Sort buckets Bi in falling order according to size |Bi| (3) Initialize array T[0...m-1] with 0's (4) for all i∈[r], in the order from (2), do (5) for l←1,2,... (6) repeat forming Ki←{l(x)|x∈Bi} (6) until |Ki|=...
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Quantitative genetics
Extensive binomial sampling – is panmixia restored? If the number of binomial samples is large (s → ∞ ), then p• → pg and q• → qg. It might be queried whether panmixia would effectively re-appear under these circumstances. However, the sampling of allele frequencies has still occurred, with the result that σ2p, q ≠ 0....
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Quantitative genetics
Following the hybridizing between A and R, the F1 (individual B) is crossed back (BC1) to an original parent (R) to produce the BC1 generation (individual C). [It is usual to use the same label for the act of making the back-cross and for the generation produced by it. The act of back-crossing is here in italics. ] Par...
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